College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
Exp Eye Res. 2012 Jun;99:89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.03.020. Epub 2012 Apr 6.
Approaches are being explored to restore accommodation to the presbyopic eye. Some of these approaches can be tested in monkeys by stimulating accommodation in various ways including using carbachol iontophoresis. Knowledge of the repeatability of carbachol iontophoresis stimulated accommodation in the monkey phakic eye is necessary to understand the variability of this method of evaluating accommodation. Data from 9 to 10 separate carbachol iontophoresis experiments performed on phakic eyes from 8 monkeys were retrospectively analyzed. For each experiment, carbachol was applied iontophoretically to the eyes of anesthetized monkeys and refraction generally measured every two minutes until accommodation reached a plateau. Repeated experiments were performed in each monkey over periods ranging from 10 to 18 months. Maximum accommodation measured for each monkey ranged from 11.1 D to 18.3 D with standard deviations from 0.8 D to 2.1 D and differences in accommodative amplitude varying from 2.2 D to 7.5 D. Time to reach maximum accommodation ranged from 18 to 64 min in individual experiments. Averaged time-courses indicate that maximum accommodation is generally achieved between 10 and 20 min after carbachol administration. Although carbachol iontophoresis is considered a reliable method to stimulate maximum accommodation in anesthetized monkeys, the amplitude achieved typically varies by more than 2 D. Presbyopia treatments evaluated in this way in phakic monkeys would need to show an increase in accommodation of over 2 D to clearly demonstrate that the treatments work when being tested with carbachol iontophoresis stimulation.
正在探索恢复远视眼调节力的方法。其中一些方法可以通过各种方式刺激猴子的调节力来进行测试，包括使用氯化乙酰胆碱离子电渗法。了解氯化乙酰胆碱离子电渗法刺激猴眼正视眼调节力的可重复性对于理解该评估调节力方法的变异性是必要的。对 8 只猴子的 9 到 10 个单独的氯化乙酰胆碱离子电渗实验的数据进行了回顾性分析。对于每个实验，将氯化乙酰胆碱经离子电渗递送至麻醉猴子的眼睛，并在一般每两分钟测量一次屈光度，直到调节力达到平台期。在每个猴子中重复进行实验，时间范围从 10 到 18 个月不等。每个猴子的最大调节力范围从 11.1 D 到 18.3 D，标准差从 0.8 D 到 2.1 D，调节幅度的差异从 2.2 D 到 7.5 D 不等。在个别实验中，达到最大调节力的时间从 18 分钟到 64 分钟不等。平均时间过程表明，在给予氯化乙酰胆碱后，通常在 10 到 20 分钟内达到最大调节力。尽管氯化乙酰胆碱离子电渗法被认为是刺激麻醉猴子最大调节力的可靠方法，但所达到的幅度通常变化超过 2 D。在正视猴中用这种方法评估的老视治疗方法需要显示调节力增加超过 2 D，才能清楚地表明在使用氯化乙酰胆碱离子电渗刺激法进行测试时，这些治疗方法有效。
