PARC Institute of Advance Studies in Agriculture, National Agriculture Research Center, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Virus Res. 2012 Jul;167(1):43-7. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.03.018. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection was confirmed in a herd of goats (n = 55) at an organised farm in Islamabad, Pakistan. PPRV infection was confirmed using both antigen- and antibody-based detection methods, haemagglutination (HA) tests and molecular methods. Animals that survived natural infection developed a typical serological response and virus antigen was detected in fecal matter. Following determination of serological response to infection animals were grouped and either vaccinated or left unvaccinated: group 1 animals succumbed to infection (n = 5) and samples were analysed for PPRV antigen; group 2 animals developed clinical disease (n = 10) and were divided into 2 groups, half being vaccinated (group 2a) whilst the remainder were unvaccinated (group 2b); group 3 (n = 15) animals included those that developed only very mild clinical disease or no clinical disease; group 4 animals (n = 5) were negative for clinical disease and were housed as a negative control group. A variable antibody response was detected following resolution of the initial outbreak. Excretion of virus antigen was assessed at different time points following vaccination. Importantly, animals that were vaccinated (group 2a) excreted antigen in fecal matter for 1 month following vaccination whilst unvaccinated animals (group 2b) continued to shed virus antigen for 2 months. The potential for virus excretion in fecal matter and effects of vaccination upon virus infection are discussed. We postulate that excretion in fecal material may represent a mechanism of virus transmission following natural infection and that this mechanism may demonstrate a potential method by which PPRV outbreaks occur spontaneously in areas not previously known to have circulating virus.
小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）感染在巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡的一个组织化农场的一群山羊（n=55）中得到确认。使用抗原和抗体检测方法、血凝（HA）试验和分子方法均确认了 PPRV 感染。自然感染后存活的动物产生了典型的血清学反应，并在粪便中检测到病毒抗原。在确定对感染的血清学反应后，将动物分组并进行疫苗接种或不接种：第 1 组动物感染（n=5），分析了 PPRV 抗原；第 2 组动物出现临床疾病（n=10），分为 2 组，一半接种疫苗（第 2a 组），另一半未接种疫苗（第 2b 组）；第 3 组（n=15）动物包括仅出现非常轻微临床疾病或无临床疾病的动物；第 4 组动物（n=5）临床疾病检测结果为阴性，作为阴性对照组饲养。在初始疫情得到控制后，检测到了可变的抗体反应。在接种后不同时间点评估了病毒抗原的排泄情况。重要的是，接种疫苗的动物（第 2a 组）在接种后 1 个月内粪便中排出抗原，而未接种疫苗的动物（第 2b 组）继续排出病毒抗原 2 个月。讨论了病毒在粪便中排泄的可能性及其对病毒感染的影响。我们推测，在自然感染后，粪便中的排泄可能代表病毒传播的一种机制，并且这种机制可能表明 PPRV 暴发在以前未发现循环病毒的地区自发发生的潜在方法。
