Payne S
University of Bristol.
Gesundheitswesen. 2012 Apr;74(4):e19-24. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1311556. Epub 2012 Apr 16.
Variations in the health of men and women are well known: men have poorer life expectancy than women in virtually every country, and there are differences between women and men in patterns of morbidity across the life course. These variations reflect both biology and gender, and health systems play a part through the services they offer. In recent years a number of national governments and international bodies have paid increasing attention to gender inequalities, and gender mainstreaming has been adopted by as a key policy objective at various levels of governance. While gender mainstreaming has resulted in some successes, analysis of the depth of change suggests a less optimistic view, reflecting the persistence of barriers to gender mainstreaming in health, which include a lack of resources, uncertainty over the goals of gender mainstreaming, and notional rather than genuine adoption of gender mainstreaming principles. Underlying these barriers however, is the use of bureaucratic and systems-based approaches to gender mainstreaming. The failure to challenge underlying gender relations of power allows gender strategies to become technocratic exercises which achieve results in terms of the boxes ticked, but not in relation to what matters: the health and health opportunities of both women and men.
在几乎每个国家，男性的预期寿命都比女性短，而且在整个生命过程中，男性和女性的发病模式也存在差异。这些差异既反映了生物学因素，也反映了性别因素，卫生系统通过其提供的服务也发挥了一定作用。近年来，一些国家政府和国际机构越来越关注性别不平等问题，性别平等主流化已被作为各级治理的一项关键政策目标。虽然性别平等主流化取得了一些成功，但对变革深度的分析表明情况并不那么乐观，这反映出卫生领域性别平等主流化的障碍依然存在，包括资源匮乏、性别平等主流化目标不明确，以及只是名义上而非真正采用性别平等主流化原则。然而，这些障碍的根源在于采用基于官僚机构和系统的性别平等主流化方法。未能挑战潜在的性别权力关系使得性别战略变成了技术官僚的做法，虽然在打勾方面取得了成果，但在重要问题上却没有成效，即男性和女性的健康及健康机会。
