Preventive Medicine Service, Hospital General de Elche, 03203 Elche, Spain.
Department of Public Health, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 5;18(1):327. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010327.
Gender is recognized as one of the most relevant determinants of health inequalities. This scoping review sought to identify and analyse policies, either implemented or formulated as proposals, which aimed to reduce gender inequalities in health. We searched Medline, Web of Science, and Scielo. Of 2895 records, 91 full text articles were analysed, and 33 papers were included. Of these papers, 22 described the process of formulation, implementation, or evaluation of policies whose aim was to reduce gender inequalities in health; six focused on recommendations, and the remaining five dealt with both issues. Our review showed that the policies aimed at reducing gender inequalities in health, either implemented or formulated as proposals, are scarce. Moreover, despite some success, overall progress has been slow. The studies show failures in design and particularly in the implementation process. We found a lack of awareness and capacity in the policy-making progress, under-financing, bureaucratization, shortage of relevant data, and absence of women's participation in decision-making. Therefore, an emphasis on the design and implementation of gender-sensitive policies seems essential to advance gender equality in health. This scoping review gathers evidence to support the design of such policies and recommendations that can facilitate their implementation.
性别被认为是健康不平等的最重要决定因素之一。本范围综述旨在确定和分析已经实施或作为提案提出的旨在减少健康方面性别不平等的政策。我们在 Medline、Web of Science 和 Scielo 进行了检索。在 2895 条记录中，分析了 91 篇全文文章，并纳入了 33 篇论文。在这些论文中，有 22 篇描述了旨在减少健康方面性别不平等的政策的制定、实施或评估过程；有 6 篇专注于建议，其余 5 篇则同时涉及这两个问题。我们的综述表明，旨在减少健康方面性别不平等的政策，无论是已经实施的还是作为提案提出的，都很稀缺。此外，尽管取得了一些成功，但总体进展缓慢。研究表明，在设计，特别是在实施过程中存在失败。我们发现政策制定进程中存在意识和能力不足、资金不足、官僚化、缺乏相关数据以及妇女参与决策的缺失等问题。因此，重视制定对性别问题有敏感认识的政策对于推进健康方面的性别平等似乎至关重要。本范围综述收集了证据，以支持此类政策的设计和建议，从而促进其实施。
