Ravindran T K S, Kelkar-Khambete A
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India.
Glob Public Health. 2008;3 Suppl 1:121-42. doi: 10.1080/17441690801900761.
This paper reviews published literature on experiences in mainstreaming gender within the health sector since the 1990s. Although much has been written about the need for mainstreaming gender, and on how to go about it, the gap between intention and practice is palpable. National health policies and programmes that have gender integrally woven into their objectives and activities are rare. Health research to generate gender and sex-specific data, and integrating gender in health provider training, have received scarce attention. Mainstreaming gender within institutions has remained superficial, investing more on form than on content. The apparent lack of progress in mainstreaming gender in health may be attributed to: depoliticization and delinking of gender mainstreaming from social transformation and social justice agendas; adoption of top-down approaches to mainstreaming; growing hostility within the global policy environment to justice and equity concerns; and increasing privatization and retraction of the state's role in health. This paper suggests that the way forward would be to frame gender concerns in the language of equity, rights, and justice; to set agendas which consider gender inequity within the context of inequities by caste, class, ethnicity, and other sources of health inequalities; and to work alongside other movements for social justice.
本文回顾了自20世纪90年代以来关于卫生部门将性别观点纳入主流的经验的已发表文献。尽管已经有很多关于将性别观点纳入主流的必要性以及如何实施的论述，但意图与实践之间的差距依然明显。将性别因素全面融入其目标和活动的国家卫生政策和计划很少见。生成按性别和性别的数据的卫生研究以及将性别观点纳入卫生服务提供者培训方面，受到的关注很少。在机构内部将性别观点纳入主流仍然停留在表面，更多地注重形式而非内容。卫生领域在将性别观点纳入主流方面明显缺乏进展，可能归因于：将性别主流化去政治化，并使其与社会变革和社会正义议程脱钩；采用自上而下的方式将性别观点纳入主流；全球政策环境中对正义和平等问题的敌意日益增加；以及国家在卫生领域的作用不断私有化和退缩。本文认为，前进的方向是用公平、权利和正义的语言来阐述性别问题；制定议程，在种姓、阶级、种族和其他健康不平等根源造成的不平等背景下考虑性别不平等问题；并与其他社会正义运动携手合作。
