State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
Mol Reprod Dev. 2012 Jun;79(6):413-22. doi: 10.1002/mrd.22044. Epub 2012 Apr 24.
After birth, oocytes stay at the diplotene stage in prophase of meiosis I. Meiosis resumes about 1 day before ovulation, and arrests in metaphase II (MII) after ovulation. The mature, MII oocytes are then ready for fertilization and to provide materials for early embryonic development. Proteomic characterization of oocytes can help identify proteins that are important for female meiotic maturation and early embryonic development. In this study, we compared the proteomic profiles between the germinal vesicle and MII mouse oocytes by two-dimensional electrophoresis; 95 differentially expressed protein spots corresponding to 63 proteins were identified. Many of these proteins are known to be essential for oocyte meiosis and early embryonic development, such as adenylosuccinate synthetase, nucleoplasmin-2, and protein-arginine deiminase type-6. Of the 12 proteins that were identified and are highly expressed in oocytes, a novel protein, E330034G19Rik, was found to be oocyte-specific. According to analysis by bioinformatics, it may regulate chromosome segregation during meiosis or cleavage. An in-depth study of these proteins will help us better understand the mechanisms of oocyte meiotic maturation, fertilization, and early embryogenesis. It will also help us understand the mechanisms of diseases that stem from abnormal oocyte maturation, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovary failure.
出生后，卵母细胞在减数分裂 I 的前期处于双线期。减数分裂大约在排卵前 1 天恢复，在排卵后停滞在中期 II（MII）。成熟的 MII 卵母细胞随后准备受精并为早期胚胎发育提供物质。卵母细胞的蛋白质组学特征可帮助鉴定对雌性减数分裂成熟和早期胚胎发育很重要的蛋白质。在这项研究中，我们通过二维电泳比较了生发泡和 MII 期小鼠卵母细胞的蛋白质组图谱；鉴定出 95 个对应于 63 种蛋白质的差异表达蛋白斑点。其中许多蛋白质已知对卵母细胞减数分裂和早期胚胎发育至关重要，例如腺嘌呤核苷酸合成酶、核质蛋白-2 和蛋白精氨酸脱氨酶 6 型。在所鉴定的 12 种在卵母细胞中高度表达的蛋白质中，发现了一种新的蛋白质 E330034G19Rik，它是卵母细胞特异性的。根据生物信息学分析，它可能在减数分裂或分裂过程中调节染色体分离。深入研究这些蛋白质将帮助我们更好地理解卵母细胞减数分裂成熟、受精和早期胚胎发生的机制。它还将帮助我们了解源于卵母细胞成熟异常的疾病的机制，例如多囊卵巢综合征和卵巢早衰。
