青少年对同伴支持饮酒和反对饮酒规范的遵从：人气的力量。
Adolescents' conformity to their peers' pro-alcohol and anti-alcohol norms: the power of popularity.
机构信息
Department of Developmental Psychopathology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012 Jul;36(7):1257-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01728.x. Epub 2012 Apr 17.
BACKGROUND
Research on adolescent development suggests that peer influence may play a key role in explaining adolescents' willingness to drink, an important predictor of drinking initiation. However, experiments that thoroughly examine these peer influence effects are scarce. This study experimentally examined whether adolescents adapted their willingness to drink when confronted with the pro-alcohol and anti-alcohol norms of peers in a chat room session and whether these effects were moderated by the social status of peers.
METHODS
We collected survey data on drinking behavior, social status, and willingness to drink among five hundred thirty-two 14- to 15-year-olds. Of this sample, 74 boys participated in a simulated Internet chat room session in which participants were confronted with preprogrammed pro-alcohol or anti-alcohol norms of "grade-mates" which were in fact preprogrammed e-confederates. Accordingly, we tested whether participants adapted their willingness to drink to the norms of these grade-mates. To test whether adaptations in participants' willingness to drink would depend on grade-mates' social status, we manipulated their level of popularity.
RESULTS
The results indicated that adolescents adapted their willingness to drink substantially to the pro-alcohol (i.e., more willing to drink) as well as anti-alcohol (i.e., less willing to drink) norms of these peers. Adolescents were more influenced by high-status than low-status peers. Interestingly, the anti-alcohol norms of the popular peers seemed most influential in that adolescents were less willing to drink when they were confronted with the anti-alcohol norms of popular peers. Additionally, the adolescents internalized these anti-alcohol norms.
CONCLUSIONS
This study gives more insight into peer influence processes that encourage or discourage alcohol use. These results could be fundamental for the development of prevention and intervention programs to reduce alcohol use among the adolescents.
背景
青少年发展研究表明，同伴影响可能在解释青少年饮酒意愿方面发挥关键作用，而饮酒意愿是饮酒行为开始的重要预测因素。然而，彻底检验这些同伴影响效应的实验却很少。本研究通过实验检验了青少年在聊天室环境中面对同伴的支持和反对饮酒的规范时，是否会调整自己的饮酒意愿，以及这种影响是否受到同伴社会地位的调节。
方法
我们收集了 532 名 14-15 岁青少年的饮酒行为、社会地位和饮酒意愿的调查数据。在这个样本中，有 74 名男孩参与了一个模拟互联网聊天室的活动，在这个活动中，参与者面对的是“同学”预先设定的支持或反对饮酒的规范，而这些“同学”实际上是预先设定的电子同谋。因此，我们测试了参与者是否会根据这些同学的规范来调整自己的饮酒意愿。为了检验参与者的饮酒意愿是否会受到同伴社会地位的影响，我们操纵了他们的受欢迎程度。
结果
结果表明，青少年会根据同伴的支持或反对饮酒的规范来大幅度调整自己的饮酒意愿。青少年更容易受到高地位同伴的影响，而不是低地位同伴的影响。有趣的是，受欢迎的同伴的反对饮酒规范似乎最具影响力，因为当青少年面对受欢迎的同伴的反对饮酒规范时，他们的饮酒意愿会降低。此外，青少年会内化这些反对饮酒的规范。
结论
本研究更深入地了解了鼓励或劝阻饮酒的同伴影响过程。这些结果对于制定预防和干预计划，减少青少年饮酒行为具有重要意义。
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