Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2012 Apr;10(4):423-33. doi: 10.1586/eri.12.21.
Noroviruses are a frequent cause of both acute gastroenteritis and outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Infection is usually self-limiting although it has been associated with mortality in children in the developing world and in vulnerable groups such as immunodeficient or immunosuppressed and elderly patients elsewhere. Diagnostic tests may be useful in preventing or limiting the spread and duration of outbreaks, and are needed to define norovirus-associated morbidity and mortality. However, the interpretation of test results should take account of the limitations of the different tests currently available. Therefore, the clinical, immunological and molecular tests available for norovirus detection have been reviewed. Early recognition of cases (clinical diagnoses) together with confirmation by sensitive and specific laboratory tests may contribute to reducing the spread of norovirus within hospitals. Syndromic testing that includes multiple or multiplex assays for the detection of viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens with the inclusion of control groups are likely to better define norovirus-associated morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries.
诺如病毒是急性肠胃炎和肠胃炎暴发的常见原因。感染通常是自限性的，但它与发展中国家儿童以及免疫功能低下或免疫抑制和其他地方的老年患者等弱势群体的死亡率有关。诊断测试可能有助于预防或限制暴发的传播和持续时间，并且需要定义与诺如病毒相关的发病率和死亡率。然而，测试结果的解释应考虑到目前可用的不同测试的局限性。因此，对用于检测诺如病毒的临床、免疫和分子检测方法进行了综述。早期识别病例（临床诊断）并结合敏感和特异性实验室检测进行确认，可能有助于减少医院内诺如病毒的传播。包括多种或多重检测用于检测病毒、细菌和寄生虫病原体的综合征检测，并包括对照组，可能更能在中低收入国家定义与诺如病毒相关的发病率和死亡率。
