Jagirdhar Gowthami Sai Kogilathota, Pulakurthi Yashwitha Sai, Chigurupati Himaja Dutt, Surani Salim
Internal Medicine, Saint Michael Medical Center, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
World J Virol. 2023 Jun 25;12(3):136-150. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i3.136.
Viral gastroenteritis is the most common viral illness that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, causing inflammation and irritation of the lining of the stomach and intestines. Common signs and symptoms associated with this condition include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dehydration. The infections commonly involved in viral gastroenteritis are rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus, which spread through the fecal-oral and contact routes and cause non-bloody diarrhea. These infections can affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Since the pandemic in 2019, coronavirus gastroenteritis has increased in incidence and prevalence. Morbidity and mortality rates from viral gastroenteritis have declined significantly over the years due to early recognition, treatment with oral rehydration salts, and prompt vaccination. Improved sanitation measures have also played a key role in reducing the transmission of infection. In addition to viral hepatitis causing liver disease, herpes virus, and cytomegalovirus are responsible for ulcerative GI disease. They are associated with bloody diarrhea and commonly occur in im-munocompromised individuals. Hepatitis viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, herpesvirus 8, and human papillomavirus have been involved in benign and malignant diseases. This mini review aims to list different viruses affecting the GI tract. It will cover common symptoms aiding in diagnosis and various important aspects of each viral infection that can aid diagnosis and management. This will help primary care physicians and hospitalists diagnose and treat patients more easily.
病毒性肠胃炎是影响胃肠道最常见的病毒性疾病，会导致胃和肠黏膜发炎。与这种疾病相关的常见体征和症状包括腹痛、腹泻和脱水。病毒性肠胃炎常见的感染病原体是轮状病毒、诺如病毒和腺病毒，它们通过粪口途径和接触传播，会导致非血性腹泻。这些感染可影响免疫功能正常和免疫功能低下的个体。自2019年大流行以来，冠状病毒性肠胃炎的发病率和患病率有所上升。由于早期识别、口服补液盐治疗和及时接种疫苗，多年来病毒性肠胃炎的发病率和死亡率已显著下降。改善卫生措施在减少感染传播方面也发挥了关键作用。除了导致肝病的病毒性肝炎外，疱疹病毒和巨细胞病毒也会引发溃疡性胃肠道疾病。它们与血性腹泻有关，常见于免疫功能低下的个体。肝炎病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒、疱疹病毒8型和人乳头瘤病毒与良性和恶性疾病有关。这篇小型综述旨在列出影响胃肠道的不同病毒。它将涵盖有助于诊断的常见症状以及每种病毒感染有助于诊断和管理的各个重要方面。这将有助于初级保健医生和住院医生更轻松地诊断和治疗患者。
