Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Clinical Sciences Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK.
Prev Med. 2012 Jun;54(6):371-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 Apr 13.
Interventions to increase levels of physical activity (PA) in socio-economically disadvantaged communities are needed but little is known about their effectiveness. This review examines the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase PA in these communities and the theoretical frameworks and components used.
Five databases were searched for papers published in English between January 2000 and December 2010 that reported outcomes of PA interventions in socio-economically disadvantaged communities. Studies targeting individuals with pre-existing disease and not reporting a measure of free-living PA were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated quality of evidence against pre-defined criteria.
Of 478 publications identified, 27 were included. We found that group-based interventions were effective for adults but not for children; evidence for the effectiveness of interventions targeting individuals was insufficient; limited evidence suggested that community-wide interventions produced small changes in PA. Interventions underpinned by any theoretical framework, compared to none, were more likely to be effective. Several effective interventions included education, PA and social support components.
Compared to other approaches, multi-component adult group-based interventions with theoretical frameworks are most effective in increasing PA in socio-economically disadvantaged communities. More robust evaluations of interventions targeting individuals in these 'hard-to-reach' communities are required.
需要在社会经济处于不利地位的社区中采取干预措施来增加身体活动（PA）水平，但对这些干预措施的有效性知之甚少。本综述考察了旨在增加这些社区中 PA 的干预措施的有效性，以及所使用的理论框架和组成部分。
在 2000 年 1 月至 2010 年 12 月期间，在五个数据库中搜索了以社会经济处于不利地位的社区为目标人群，报告 PA 干预结果的英文文献。排除了针对已有疾病的个体且未报告自由活动 PA 测量值的研究。两名评审员独立提取数据，并根据预先定义的标准评估证据质量。
在确定的 478 篇文献中，有 27 篇被纳入。我们发现，群体干预对成年人有效，但对儿童无效；针对个体的干预措施的有效性证据不足；有限的证据表明，以社区为基础的干预措施对 PA 产生了微小的变化。与没有理论框架支持的干预措施相比，有理论框架支持的干预措施更有可能有效。一些有效的干预措施包括教育、PA 和社会支持组成部分。
与其他方法相比，以社会经济处于不利地位的成年人为目标人群，以多组成分为基础且有理论框架支持的群体干预措施在增加 PA 方面最有效。需要对这些“难以接触”的社区中的个体干预措施进行更有力的评估。
