Reed Phil, Reynolds Gemma, Fermandel Louise
Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2012;65(7):1345-60. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2012.656663. Epub 2012 Apr 25.
Stimulus overselectivity occurs when only one of potentially many aspects of the environment controls behaviour. In four experiments, human participants were trained and tested on a trial-and-error simultaneous discrimination task involving two two-element compound stimuli. Overselectivity emerged in all experiments (i.e., one element from the reinforced compound controlled behaviour at the expense of the other). Following revaluation (extinction) of the previously overselected stimulus, behavioural control by the underselected stimulus element emerged without any direct training of that stimulus element. However, while a series of extinction manipulations targeting the revaluation of the overselected stimulus produced differential extinction of that stimulus, they did not result in differential emergence of the previously underselected stimuli. The results are discussed with respect to the theoretical implications for attention-based accounts of overselectivity.
当环境中潜在的多个方面中只有一个控制行为时，就会出现刺激过度选择性。在四项实验中，人类参与者在一项涉及两个双元素复合刺激的试错同时辨别任务中接受训练和测试。过度选择性在所有实验中都出现了（即，来自强化复合刺激的一个元素控制行为，而牺牲了另一个元素）。在对先前过度选择的刺激进行重新评估（消退）后，未被充分选择的刺激元素的行为控制出现了，而没有对该刺激元素进行任何直接训练。然而，虽然一系列针对过度选择刺激重新评估的消退操作产生了该刺激的差异消退，但它们并没有导致先前未被充分选择的刺激的差异出现。针对基于注意力的过度选择性理论解释，对结果进行了讨论。
