Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Park, U.K.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2010 Sep;94(2):125-33. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2010.94-125.
Stimulus overselectivity occurs when only one of potentially many aspects of the environment controls behavior. Adult participants were trained and tested on a trial-and-error discrimination learning task while engaging in a concurrent load task, and overselectivity emerged. When responding to the overselected stimulus was reduced by reinforcing a novel stimulus in the presence of the previously overselected stimulus in a second trial-and-error discrimination task, behavioral control by the underselected stimulus became stronger. However, this result was only found under certain circumstances: when there was substantial overselectivity in the first training phase; when control by the underselected stimulus in the first phase was particularly low; and when there was effective reduction in the behavioral control exerted by the previously overselected stimuli. The emergence of behavioral control by the underselected stimulus suggests that overselectivity is not simply due to an attention deficit, because for the emergence to occur, the stimuli must have been attended to and learned about in the training phase; but that a range of additional learning factors may play a role.
当环境中潜在的许多方面中只有一个能够控制行为时，就会出现刺激过度选择。在一项试错辨别学习任务中，成年参与者在进行并发负载任务的同时接受训练和测试，此时会出现过度选择。当通过在第二个试错辨别任务中在先前过度选择的刺激存在的情况下强化新刺激来减少对过度选择的刺激的反应时，未被选择的刺激的行为控制就会变得更强。然而，只有在某些情况下才会出现这种结果：当第一训练阶段存在大量过度选择时；当第一阶段中未被选择的刺激的控制特别低时；并且当先前过度选择的刺激的行为控制得到有效降低时。未被选择的刺激的行为控制的出现表明，过度选择不仅仅是由于注意力缺陷，因为为了出现这种情况，刺激必须在训练阶段被注意到并学习；但可能还有一系列其他学习因素在起作用。
