Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
Aggress Behav. 2012 May-Jun;38(3):239-51. doi: 10.1002/ab.21423.
Although multiple dimensions of negative parenting behavior are associated with childhood conduct problems (CP), there is relatively little research on whether the association is equally robust in boys and girls. To improve the specificity of current models of negative parenting and offspring CP, we explored the potential moderating role of child sex in a sample of 179 5- to 10-year-old ethnically diverse boys and girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were assessed using multiple methods (i.e., rating scales, semistructured interviews) and informants (i.e., parents, teachers). Controlling for children's age, race-ethnicity, and ADHD diagnostic status (i.e., ADHD vs. non-ADHD), inconsistent discipline was positively associated with offspring aggression and rule-breaking behavior, whereas harsh punishment was positively associated with aggression, rule-breaking behavior, and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms. Furthermore, child sex significantly moderated the association of inconsistent discipline and aggression and rule-breaking behavior, such that inconsistent discipline was positively associated with CP for boys, but not for girls. Given the centrality of negative parenting to theories of and efficacious interventions for aggression and CP, we discuss these findings within a developmental psychopathology framework and consider their implications for intervention.
尽管多种负面育儿行为维度与儿童行为问题（CP）有关，但关于这种关联在男孩和女孩中是否同样稳健的研究相对较少。为了提高当前负面育儿和后代 CP 模型的特异性，我们在一个由 179 名 5 至 10 岁、具有和不具有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的种族多样化男孩和女孩的样本中探索了儿童性别在其中的潜在调节作用，这些儿童使用多种方法（即评分量表、半结构化访谈）和信息提供者（即父母、教师）进行评估。在控制儿童年龄、种族-民族和 ADHD 诊断状况（即 ADHD 与非 ADHD）后，不一致的纪律与后代的攻击和违规行为呈正相关，而严厉的惩罚与攻击、违规行为和对立违抗性障碍症状呈正相关。此外，儿童性别显著调节了不一致的纪律与攻击和违规行为的关联，即不一致的纪律与男孩的 CP 呈正相关，但与女孩的 CP 无关。鉴于负面育儿对攻击和 CP 的理论和有效干预的核心地位，我们在发展心理病理学框架内讨论这些发现，并考虑其对干预的意义。
