MacEwen E G
Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1990 Sep;9(2):125-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00046339.
Spontaneous tumors in dogs and cats are appropriate and valid model tumor systems available for testing cancer therapeutic agents or studying cancer biology. The pet population is a vastly underutilized resource of animals available for study. Dogs and cats develop spontaneous tumors with histopathologic and biologic behavior similar to tumors that occur in humans. The tumors with potential relevance for human cancer biology include osteosarcoma, mammary carcinoma, oral melanoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, nasal tumors, lung carcinoma, soft tissue sarcomas, and malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Canine osteosarcoma is a malignant aggressive bone tumor with a 90% metastasis rate after surgical amputation. Its predictable metastatic rate and pattern and its relative resistance to chemotherapy make this tumor particularly attractive for studying anti-metastasis approaches. Canine and feline malignant mammary tumors are fairly common in middle-aged animals and have a metastatic pattern similar to that in women; that is, primarily to regional lymph nodes and lungs. Chemotherapy has been minimally effective, and these tumors may be better models for testing biological response modifiers. Oral tumors, especially melanomas, are the most common canine malignant tumor in the oral cavity. Metastasis is frequent, and the response to chemotherapy and radiation has been disappointing. This tumor can be treated with anti-metastatic approaches or biological response modifiers. Squamous cell carcinomas, especially in the gum, are excellent models for radiation therapy studies. Nasal carcinomas are commonly treated with radiation therapy. They tend to metastasize slowly, but have a high local recurrence rate. This tumor is suitable for studying radiation therapy approaches. Primary lung tumors and soft tissue sarcomas are excellent models for studying combined modality therapy such as surgery with chemotherapy or biological response modifiers. Finally, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a common neoplastic process seen in the dog. These tumors respond to combination chemotherapy and have great potential as a model for newer chemotherapeutic agents and biological response modifiers. This paper will further elaborate on the relative merits of each tumor type as a model for human cancer therapy and biology.
犬猫的自发性肿瘤是适用于测试癌症治疗药物或研究癌症生物学的合适且有效的模型肿瘤系统。宠物群体是可用于研究的大量未充分利用的动物资源。犬猫发生的自发性肿瘤在组织病理学和生物学行为上与人类发生的肿瘤相似。与人类癌症生物学潜在相关的肿瘤包括骨肉瘤、乳腺癌、口腔黑色素瘤、口腔鳞状细胞癌、鼻腔肿瘤、肺癌、软组织肉瘤和恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤。犬骨肉瘤是一种恶性侵袭性骨肿瘤，手术截肢后转移率达90%。其可预测的转移率和模式以及对化疗的相对抗性使该肿瘤对于研究抗转移方法特别有吸引力。犬猫恶性乳腺肿瘤在中年动物中相当常见，转移模式与女性相似，即主要转移至区域淋巴结和肺部。化疗效果甚微，这些肿瘤可能是测试生物反应调节剂的更好模型。口腔肿瘤，尤其是黑色素瘤，是犬口腔中最常见的恶性肿瘤。转移频繁，对化疗和放疗的反应令人失望。这种肿瘤可用抗转移方法或生物反应调节剂治疗。鳞状细胞癌，尤其是牙龈中的鳞状细胞癌，是放射治疗研究的极佳模型。鼻腔癌通常采用放射治疗。它们往往转移缓慢，但局部复发率高。这种肿瘤适合研究放射治疗方法。原发性肺癌和软组织肉瘤是研究联合治疗模式（如手术联合化疗或生物反应调节剂）的极佳模型。最后，非霍奇金淋巴瘤是犬常见的肿瘤性疾病。这些肿瘤对联合化疗有反应，作为新型化疗药物和生物反应调节剂的模型具有很大潜力。本文将进一步阐述每种肿瘤类型作为人类癌症治疗和生物学模型的相对优点。
