Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Rejuvenation Res. 2012 Apr;15(2):239-48. doi: 10.1089/rej.2012.1331.
The emergence of immune disorders in aging is explained by many factors, including thymus dysfunction, decrease in the proportion and function of naïve T cells, and so forth. There are several approaches to preventing these changes, such as thymus rejuvenation, stem cells recovery, modulation of hormone production, and others. Our investigations of heterochronic parabiosis have shown that benefits of a young immune system, e.g., actively working thymus and regular migration of young hematopoietic stem cells between parabiotic partners, appeared unable to restore the immune system of the old partner. At the same time, we have established a progressive immune impairment in the young heterochronic partners. The mechanism of age changes in the immune system in this model, which may lead to reduced life expectancy, has not been fully understood. The first age-related manifestation in the young partners observed 3 weeks after the surgery was a dramatic increase of CD8(+)44(+) cells population in the spleen. A detailed analysis of further changes revealed a progressive decline of most immunological functions observable for up to 3 months after the surgery. This article reviews possible mechanisms of induction of age-related changes in the immune system of young heterochronic partners. The data obtained suggest the existence of certain factors in the old organisms that trigger aging, thus preventing the rejuvenation process.
衰老中免疫紊乱的出现可以由多种因素来解释，包括胸腺功能障碍、初始 T 细胞比例和功能下降等。有几种方法可以预防这些变化，如胸腺再生、干细胞恢复、激素产生的调节等。我们对异体共生的研究表明，年轻免疫系统的益处，例如活跃的胸腺和年轻造血干细胞在异体共生伙伴之间的定期迁移，似乎无法恢复老年伴侣的免疫系统。同时，我们已经在年轻的异体共生伙伴中建立了进行性免疫损伤。在这个模型中，免疫系统的年龄变化机制可能导致预期寿命缩短，尚未完全理解。手术后 3 周，年轻伙伴中观察到的第一个与年龄相关的表现是脾脏中 CD8(+)44(+)细胞群体的急剧增加。对进一步变化的详细分析显示，手术后长达 3 个月，大多数免疫功能逐渐下降。本文综述了诱导年轻异体共生伙伴免疫系统发生与年龄相关变化的可能机制。获得的数据表明，老年生物体中存在某些触发衰老的因素，从而阻止了再生过程。
