Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
J Physiol Biochem. 2013 Mar;69(1):155-63. doi: 10.1007/s13105-012-0170-2. Epub 2012 Apr 26.
Body weight is determined by the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, the surplus energy is stored as fat in the adipose tissue, which causes its expansion and may even lead to the development of obesity. Thus, there is a growing interest to develop dietary interventions that could reduce the current obesity epidemic. In this regard, data from a number of in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the branched-chain amino acid leucine influences energy balance. However, this has not been consistently reported. Here, we review the literature related to the effects of leucine on energy intake, energy expenditure and lipid metabolism as well as its effects on the cellular activity in the brain (hypothalamus) and in peripheral tissues (gastro-intestinal tract, adipose tissue, liver and muscle) regulating the above physiological processes. Moreover, we discuss how obesity may influence the actions of this amino acid.
体重由能量摄入和能量消耗之间的平衡决定。当能量摄入超过能量消耗时，多余的能量以脂肪的形式储存在脂肪组织中，导致其扩张，甚至可能导致肥胖的发生。因此，人们越来越关注开发可以减少当前肥胖流行的饮食干预措施。在这方面，许多体内和体外研究的数据表明，支链氨基酸亮氨酸影响能量平衡。然而，这并没有得到一致的报道。在这里，我们回顾了与亮氨酸对能量摄入、能量消耗和脂质代谢的影响以及对调节上述生理过程的大脑（下丘脑）和外周组织（胃肠道、脂肪组织、肝脏和肌肉）细胞活性的影响相关的文献。此外，我们还讨论了肥胖如何影响这种氨基酸的作用。
