West Virginia University, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
Addict Behav. 2012 Aug;37(8):890-9. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.008. Epub 2012 Feb 18.
Studies have substantiated a relationship between drug use, depression, and suicidality. However, little research has examined this relationship with prescription drugs. Given the prevalence of non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among college students, this study explored the association between general and specific NMPDU, depressive symptoms, and suicidality.
Data from the Fall 2008 National College Health Assessment (NCHA) was utilized (N=22,783). Five separate logistic regression models were employed, with the first combining any NMPDU (antidepressants, painkillers, sedatives, and stimulants) followed by four additional regressions for each drug, and then separated by gender. Models were estimated before and after control for key covariates.
Approximately 13% of participants reported NMPDU. After covariate adjustment, those who reported feeling hopeless, sad, depressed, or considered suicide were 1.22-1.31 times more likely to report NMPDU (p<.05). Those who reported feeling hopeless, sad, or depressed were 1.18-1.43 times more likely to report opioid painkiller use; those who reported feeling sad, depressed, or considered suicide were 1.22-1.38 times more likely to report stimulant use; those who reported being depressed were 1.36 times more likely to report sedative use; and those who reported feeling hopeless or depressed were 1.44 and 1.91 times more likely to report antidepressant use (p<.05). When the adjusted models were repeated separately by gender, results were more pronounced for females, especially for females who reported painkiller use.
Depressive symptoms and suicidality were significantly associated with greater odds of any NMPDU, with painkiller use (especially for females) representing the greatest correlate among college students. Results suggest that students may be inappropriately self-medicating psychological distress with prescription medications.
研究证实了药物使用、抑郁和自杀意念之间存在关联。然而，很少有研究调查过与处方药物之间的这种关系。鉴于大学生中非医疗目的使用处方药物（NMPDU）的普遍性，本研究探讨了一般和特定 NMPDU、抑郁症状和自杀意念之间的关联。
利用 2008 年秋季全国大学生健康评估（NCHA）的数据（N=22783）。采用了五个独立的逻辑回归模型，第一个模型将任何 NMPDU（抗抑郁药、止痛药、镇静剂和兴奋剂）合并在一起，然后再分别对每种药物进行四个额外的回归，最后按性别分开。在控制关键协变量之前和之后估计模型。
约 13%的参与者报告了 NMPDU。在调整协变量后，报告感到绝望、悲伤、抑郁或考虑自杀的参与者报告 NMPDU 的可能性是 1.22-1.31 倍（p<.05）。报告感到绝望、悲伤或抑郁的参与者报告使用阿片类止痛药的可能性是 1.18-1.43 倍；报告感到悲伤、抑郁或考虑自杀的参与者报告使用兴奋剂的可能性是 1.22-1.38 倍；报告感到抑郁的参与者报告使用镇静剂的可能性是 1.36 倍；报告感到绝望或抑郁的参与者报告使用抗抑郁药的可能性是 1.44 和 1.91 倍（p<.05）。当按性别分别重复调整后的模型时，女性的结果更为明显，尤其是报告使用止痛药的女性。
抑郁症状和自杀意念与任何 NMPDU 的可能性增加显著相关，止痛药使用（尤其是女性）是大学生中最相关的因素。结果表明，学生可能不恰当地使用处方药物来自我治疗心理困扰。
