MEA - Munich Center for the Economics of Aging at the Max-Planck-Institute for Social Law and Social Politics, Amalienstr. 33, D-80799 Munich, Germany.
Econ Hum Biol. 2013 Dec;11(4):453-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2012.04.001. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
The biological standard of living in Central Italy at the beginning of the 19th century is analyzed using newly collected data on the height of recruits in the army of the Papal States. The results reveal a decline in height for the cohorts born under French rule (1796-1815). Although this trend was common to many parts of Europe, the estimated magnitude of the decline suggests a worsening of the biological standard of living of the working classes in the Papal States even relative to that of other countries. Despite the differences in the economic systems within the Papal States, no significant geographical variation in height has been found: even the most dynamic and advanced regions experienced a dramatic height decline. Mortality also increased during the period under consideration.
利用新收集到的教皇国军队新兵身高数据，分析了 19 世纪初意大利中部的生物生活水平。结果显示，在法国统治下（1796-1815 年）出生的队列身高有所下降。尽管这种趋势在欧洲许多地区都很常见，但下降幅度表明，即使与其他国家相比，教皇国工人阶级的生物生活水平也在恶化。尽管教皇国内部的经济制度存在差异，但身高并没有明显的地域差异：即使是最具活力和最先进的地区也经历了身高的急剧下降。在研究期间，死亡率也有所上升。
