Sherman Deborah Witt, Rosedale Mary, Haber Judith
School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012 May 1;39(3):E258-68. doi: 10.1188/12.ONF.E258-E268.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To develop a substantive theory of the process of breast cancer survivorship.
Grounded theory.
A LISTSERV announcement posted on the SHARE Web site and purposeful recruitment of women known to be diagnosed and treated for breast cancer.
15 women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer.
Constant comparative analysis.
Breast cancer survivorship.
The core variable identified was Reclaiming Life on One's Own Terms. The perceptions and experiences of the participants revealed overall that the diagnosis of breast cancer was a turning point in life and the stimulus for change. That was followed by the recognition of breast cancer as now being a part of life, leading to the necessity of learning to live with breast cancer, and finally, creating a new life after breast cancer. Participants revealed that breast cancer survivorship is a process marked and shaped by time, the perception of support, and coming to terms with the trauma of a cancer diagnosis and the aftermath of treatment. The process of survivorship continues by assuming an active role in self-healing, gaining a new perspective and reconciling paradoxes, creating a new mindset and moving to a new normal, developing a new way of being in the world on one's own terms, and experiencing growth through adversity beyond survivorship.
The process of survivorship for women with breast cancer is an evolutionary journey with short- and long-term challenges.
This study shows the development of an empirically testable theory of survivorship that describes and predicts women's experiences following breast cancer treatment from the initial phase of recovery and beyond. The theory also informs interventions that not only reduce negative outcomes, but promote ongoing healing, adjustment, and resilience over time.
目的/目标：构建一个关于乳腺癌幸存者历程的实质性理论。
扎根理论。
在SHARE网站上发布的一份邮件列表公告，并通过有目的的招募，选取已知被诊断患有乳腺癌并接受治疗的女性。
15名被诊断为早期乳腺癌的女性。
持续比较分析。
乳腺癌幸存者历程。
确定的核心变量是“按自己的方式重拾生活”。参与者的认知和经历总体上表明，乳腺癌诊断是人生的一个转折点，也是改变的刺激因素。随后，认识到乳腺癌现已成为生活的一部分，这就导致有必要学会与乳腺癌共存，最后，在患癌后创造新的生活。参与者表明，乳腺癌幸存者历程是一个由时间、对支持的认知以及接受癌症诊断的创伤和治疗后果所标记和塑造的过程。幸存者历程通过在自我疗愈中发挥积极作用、获得新的视角并调和矛盾、创造新的思维模式并迈向新的常态、以自己的方式发展一种新的处世方式以及在超越生存的逆境中实现成长而持续下去。
乳腺癌女性的幸存者历程是一段充满短期和长期挑战的进化之旅。
本研究展示了一个可实证检验的幸存者理论的发展，该理论描述并预测了乳腺癌女性在治疗后的初始恢复阶段及之后的经历。该理论还为干预措施提供了依据，并不仅减少负面结果，而且随着时间的推移促进持续的疗愈、调整和恢复力。
