Department of Cardiology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, 4032.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2012 Aug;14(4):373-80. doi: 10.1007/s11908-012-0262-8.
Echocardiography is the major imaging modality used for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE). It is also useful in detecting the complications of IE which often necessitate surgical intervention and strongly influence patient outcomes. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), with proven superiority over transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for the detection of vegetations and complications such as abscess, should be performed in the vast majority of cases especially when TTE image quality is poor or implanted devices are present. Three-dimensional (3D) TEE provides enhanced display of anatomic-spatial relationships allowing more precise delineation of complex pathology, particularly of the mitral valve and annulus. Importantly, echocardiographic findings can be non-specific and should always be interpreted in the context of the pre-test probability of IE based on careful clinical assessment. IE remains a challenging disease associated with variable clinical presentations, and high mortality. Whenever IE is suspected, echocardiography should be utilized early for both diagnosis and detection of complications.
超声心动图是诊断感染性心内膜炎（IE）的主要影像学手段。它也有助于检测 IE 的并发症，这些并发症通常需要手术干预，并强烈影响患者的预后。经食管超声心动图（TEE）在检测赘生物和并发症（如脓肿）方面优于经胸超声心动图（TTE），在绝大多数情况下都应该进行，尤其是 TTE 图像质量较差或存在植入设备时。三维（3D）TEE 提供了增强的解剖空间关系显示，允许更精确地描绘复杂的病理学，特别是二尖瓣和瓣环。重要的是，超声心动图的结果可能不具有特异性，并且应该始终根据仔细的临床评估，基于 IE 的术前概率进行解释。IE 仍然是一种具有挑战性的疾病，其临床表现多样，死亡率高。只要怀疑 IE，就应尽早进行超声心动图检查，以进行诊断和检测并发症。
