Ogwumike O O, Arowojolu A O, Sanya A O
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Niger J Physiol Sci. 2011 Dec 20;26(2):199-206.
Menopause is a sign of aging in the woman. Loss of ovarian function induces a reduction in resting metabolic rate, physical energy expenditure, fat-free mass and abdominal adipose tissue accumulation. Location of adipose tissue deposit in abdominal region plays an important role in occurrence of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Although regular participation in physical exercise have been suggested to improve adiposity and body flexibility which are important health related components of physical fitness, few published studies are available on the effect of exercise on Nigerian menopausal women. This study investigated effects of a twelve-week endurance exercise program (EEP) on central and abdominal obesity as well as flexibility of perimenopausal and postmenopausal Nigerian women. The study employed a pretest- posttest control group design comprising a sample of 175 apparently healthy, literate, sedentary women within age range 40-59 years. They were workers in state and federal establishments in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Based on history of their last menstrual period, women with regular or irregular menstrual cycle status were allocated into perimenopausal group and those who no longer menstruated into postmenopausal group. A table of random numbers was used for further allocation into perimenopausal exercise group (PEMEG, 45), postmenopausal exercise group (POMEG, 45) perimenopausal control group (PEMCG, 42) and postmenopausal control group (POMCG, 43). Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI) as well as Hip and Trunk Flexibility (HTF) were evaluated at baseline and 4weekly intervals until end of 12th week. EEP consisted of a 10-station circuit of cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, coordination, abdominal and pelvic floor muscle exercises. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Mean age of participants was 52.3±4.1 years, 95% C.I (51.64-52.88) years. Significant reduction occurred between baseline and end of 12th week mean values of WHR in PEMEG (0.86 ± 0.08 vs 0.71 ± 0.07)and POMEG groups (0.88± 0.06 vs0.77 ± 0.07) while significant increases were observed between baseline values and end of 12th week mean values of HTF in PEMEG (18.84 ± 4.23vs28.27± 3.82) and POMEG (19.51 ± 4.02vs25.97± 2.36) (p<0.05). Significant changes did not occur in BMI in both groups even though mean differences were observed in baseline values compared with end of 12th week mean values of these variables. In PEMCG and POMCG groups, there were no observable changes in mean values of WHR, BMI and HTF from baseline to end of study. Participation in endurance exercise program is essential for perimenopausal and postmenopausal Nigerian women for improved central and abdominal adiposity as well as flexibility.
更年期是女性衰老的一个标志。卵巢功能丧失会导致静息代谢率降低、体力能量消耗减少、去脂体重下降以及腹部脂肪组织堆积。腹部脂肪组织的沉积位置在高脂血症、糖尿病、高血压和动脉粥样硬化的发生中起着重要作用。尽管建议定期参加体育锻炼以改善肥胖状况和身体柔韧性，而这两者都是与健康相关的重要身体素质组成部分，但关于运动对尼日利亚更年期女性影响的已发表研究却很少。本研究调查了一项为期十二周的耐力运动计划（EEP）对尼日利亚围绝经期和绝经后女性的中心性肥胖和腹部肥胖以及柔韧性的影响。该研究采用了前测 - 后测对照组设计，样本包括175名年龄在40 - 59岁之间、看似健康、识字且久坐不动的女性。她们是尼日利亚奥约州伊巴丹北区州立和联邦机构的工作人员。根据她们最后一次月经的病史，月经周期规律或不规律的女性被分配到围绝经期组，而那些不再月经的女性被分配到绝经后组。使用随机数字表进一步将她们分配到围绝经期运动组（PEMEG，45人）、绝经后运动组（POMEG，45人）、围绝经期对照组（PEMCG，42人）和绝经后对照组（POMCG，43人）。在基线时以及每隔4周直至第12周结束时，评估腰臀比（WHR）、体重指数（BMI）以及髋部和躯干柔韧性（HTF）。EEP包括一个由10个站点组成的循环训练，涉及心血管耐力、柔韧性、协调性、腹部和盆底肌肉锻炼。使用描述性和推断性统计方法对数据进行分析。参与者的平均年龄为52.3±4.1岁，95%置信区间为（51.64 - 52.88）岁。在围绝经期运动组（0.86±0.08对比0.71±0.07）和绝经后运动组（0.88±0.06对比0.77±0.07）中，WHR的基线值与第12周结束时的平均值之间出现了显著降低，而在围绝经期运动组（18.84±4.23对比28.27±3.82）和绝经后运动组（19.51±4.02对比25.97±2.36）中，HTF的基线值与第12周结束时的平均值之间观察到显著增加（p<0.05）。尽管与这些变量第12周结束时的平均值相比，两组的BMI在基线值上存在均值差异，但两组的BMI均未发生显著变化。在围绝经期对照组和绝经后对照组中，从基线到研究结束，WHR、BMI和HTF的平均值均未观察到明显变化。对于尼日利亚围绝经期和绝经后女性而言，参与耐力运动计划对于改善中心性和腹部肥胖以及柔韧性至关重要。
