Butrica Barbara A, Smith Karen E
Urban Institute, USA.
Soc Secur Bull. 2012;72(1):23-36.
Blacks, Hispanics, and divorced women have historically experienced double-digit poverty rates in retirement, and divorce and other demographic trends will increase their representation in future retiree populations. For these reasons, we might expect an increase in the proportion of economically vulnerable divorced women in the future. This article uses the Social Security Administration's Modeling Income in the Near Term (version 6) to describe the likely characteristics, work experience, Social Security benefit status, and economic well-being of future divorced women at age 70 by race and ethnicity. Factors associated with higher retirement incomes include having a college degree; having a strong history of labor force attachment; receiving Social Security benefits; and having pensions, retirement accounts, or assets, regardless of race and ethnicity. However, because divorced black and Hispanic women are less likely than divorced white women to have these attributes, income sources, or assets, their projected average retirement incomes are lower than those of divorced white women.
从历史上看，黑人、西班牙裔和离婚女性在退休后的贫困率一直达到两位数，而且离婚及其他人口趋势将使她们在未来退休人口中的占比增加。出于这些原因，我们可能预计未来经济上易受影响的离婚女性比例会上升。本文使用社会保障管理局的近期收入模型（第6版）来描述未来70岁离婚女性按种族和族裔划分的可能特征、工作经历、社会保障福利状况及经济福祉。与较高退休收入相关的因素包括拥有大学学位；有长期稳定的劳动力参与经历；领取社会保障福利；以及拥有养老金、退休账户或资产，无论种族和族裔如何。然而，由于离婚的黑人女性和西班牙裔女性比离婚的白人女性更不可能拥有这些特质、收入来源或资产，她们预计的平均退休收入低于离婚白人女性
