Gothenburg University Vaccine Research Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2012 Apr;11(4):495-507. doi: 10.1586/erv.12.12.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in children in Africa, Asia and Latin America and in travelers to these regions. Despite this, no effective vaccine for ETEC is available. ETEC causes disease by colonizing the small intestine with colonization factors, most of which are fimbriae, and production of heat-labile and/or heat-stable enterotoxins. Antibodies against heat-labile enterotoxin and the colonization factors have been shown to be protective, and local immunity in the gut seems to be of prime importance for protection. Hence, several inactivated and live candidate ETEC vaccines consisting of toxin antigens, alone or together with colonization factors, have been evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, the authors describe ETEC vaccine development in progress and the rationale for constructing different types of vaccines. They also discuss possibilities of enhancing immune responses to candidate ETEC vaccines, particularly in children.
肠产毒性大肠杆菌（ETEC）是非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲儿童以及前往这些地区的旅行者中最常见的细菌性腹泻病因。尽管如此，目前尚无针对 ETEC 的有效疫苗。ETEC 通过定居因子在小肠中定植而引起疾病，其中大多数定居因子是菌毛，并且产生不耐热和/或耐热肠毒素。针对不耐热肠毒素和定居因子的抗体已被证明具有保护作用，而肠道中的局部免疫似乎对保护至关重要。因此，已在临床试验中评估了由单独或与定居因子一起的毒素抗原组成的几种灭活和活的候选 ETEC 疫苗。在这篇综述中，作者描述了正在进行的 ETEC 疫苗开发以及构建不同类型疫苗的原理。他们还讨论了增强候选 ETEC 疫苗免疫反应的可能性，特别是在儿童中。
