Khasakhala L I, Ndetei D M, Mutiso V, Mbwayo A W, Mathai M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg). 2012 Mar;15(2):106-13. doi: 10.4314/ajpsy.v15i2.14.
Depression in adolescents is a matter of concern because of its high prevalence, potential recurrence and impairment of functioning in the affected individual. The study sought to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents in Nairobi (Kenya) public secondary schools; make a comparison between day and boarding students; and identify associated factors in this population.
A random sample of school going adolescents was taken from a stratified sample of 17 secondary schools out of the 49 public secondary schools in Nairobi province. The sample was stratified to take into account geographical distribution, day and boarding schools, boys only, girls only and mixed (co-education) schools in the capital city of Kenya. Self administered instruments (EMBU and CDI) were used to measure perceived parental behaviour and levels of depression in a total of 1,276 students excluding those who had no living parent.
The prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms was 26.4%. The occurrence was higher in girls than it was in boys p<0.001. Students in boarding schools had more clinically significant depressive symptoms compared to day students (p=0.01). More girls exhibited suicidal behaviour than boys (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviour (p<0.001). CDI scores correlated positively with age (p<0.001) with an increase in CDI score with unit increase in age among students 14-17 years old, perceived rejecting maternal parenting behaviour (p<0.001), perceived no emotional attachment paternal behaviour (p<0.001), perceived no emotional attachment maternal behaviour (p<0.001), and perceived under protective paternal behaviour (p=0.005).
Perceived maladaptive parental behaviours are substantially associated with the development of depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviour in children.
青少年抑郁症因其高患病率、潜在复发率以及对受影响个体功能的损害而备受关注。本研究旨在确定内罗毕（肯尼亚）公立中学青少年中抑郁症状的患病率；比较走读生和寄宿生；并确定该人群中的相关因素。
从内罗毕省49所公立中学中的17所中学的分层样本中抽取随机样本。该样本进行了分层，以考虑肯尼亚首都的地理分布、走读学校和寄宿学校、单性别男生学校、单性别女生学校以及混合（男女同校）学校。使用自我管理工具（EMBU和CDI）来测量总共1276名学生（不包括没有在世父母的学生）所感知到的父母行为和抑郁水平。
具有临床意义的抑郁症状患病率为26.4%。女孩的发生率高于男孩（p<0.001）。与走读生相比，寄宿学校的学生有更多具有临床意义的抑郁症状（p=0.01）。表现出自杀行为的女孩比男孩更多（p<0.001）。抑郁症状与自杀行为之间存在显著相关性（p<0.001）。CDI得分与年龄呈正相关（p<0.001），在14至17岁的学生中，年龄每增加一个单位，CDI得分就会增加，感知到母亲的拒绝养育行为（p<0.001）、感知到父亲没有情感依恋行为（p<0.001）、感知到母亲没有情感依恋行为（p<0.001）以及感知到父亲的保护不足行为（p=0.005）。
感知到的父母适应不良行为与儿童抑郁症状和自杀行为的发展密切相关。
