Isolated congenital pleural effusion in two neonates.

Congenital isolated pleural effusion, a non-specific accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, is an uncommon anomaly which can be associated with structural malformations, inflammatory or iatrogenic problems, genetic syndromes or fetal hydrops. Here, we present two neonates with isolated congenital pleural effusion, one of which was associated with Down syndrome and the other with empyema and bloodstream infection caused by Burkholderia gladioli septicemia. We wanted to discuss the diagnosis and management of this rare clinical entity.