Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Neuroscience. 2012 Jul 26;215:59-68. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.056. Epub 2012 Apr 30.
The effects of regular exercise versus a single bout of exercise on cognition, anxiety, and mood were systematically examined in healthy, sedentary young adults who were genotyped to determine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) allelic status (i.e., Val-Val or Val66Met polymorphism). Participants were evaluated on novel object recognition (NOR) memory and a battery of mental health surveys before and after engaging in either (a) a 4-week exercise program, with exercise on the final test day, (b) a 4-week exercise program, without exercise on the final test day, (c) a single bout of exercise on the final test day, or (d) remaining sedentary between test days. Exercise enhanced object recognition memory and produced a beneficial decrease in perceived stress, but only in participants who exercised for 4 weeks including the final day of testing. In contrast, a single bout of exercise did not affect recognition memory and resulted in increased perceived stress levels. An additional novel finding was that the improvements on the NOR task were observed exclusively in participants who were homozygous for the BDNF Val allele, indicating that altered activity-dependent release of BDNF in Met allele carriers may attenuate the cognitive benefits of exercise. Importantly, exercise-induced changes in cognition were not correlated with changes in mood/anxiety, suggesting that separate neural systems mediate these effects. These data in humans mirror recent data from our group in rodents. Taken together, these current findings provide new insights into the behavioral and neural mechanisms that mediate the effects of physical exercise on memory and mental health in humans.
定期运动与单次运动对认知、焦虑和情绪的影响在健康、久坐的年轻成年人中进行了系统研究，这些成年人接受了基因分型以确定脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 等位基因状态（即 Val-Val 或 Val66Met 多态性）。在进行以下任何一种干预后，参与者接受了新物体识别 (NOR) 记忆和一系列心理健康调查：(a) 为期 4 周的运动计划，最后一天进行运动，(b) 为期 4 周的运动计划，最后一天不进行运动，(c) 最后一天进行单次运动，或 (d) 在测试日之间保持久坐。运动增强了物体识别记忆，并产生了有益的降低感知压力的效果，但仅在包括最后一天测试的 4 周运动的参与者中观察到。相比之下，单次运动不会影响识别记忆，反而会导致感知压力水平升高。一个额外的新发现是，NOR 任务的改善仅在 BDNF Val 等位基因纯合的参与者中观察到，这表明 Met 等位基因携带者中 BDNF 活性依赖性释放的改变可能会减弱运动的认知益处。重要的是，运动引起的认知变化与情绪/焦虑变化无关，这表明不同的神经系统介导了这些影响。这些人类数据与我们最近在啮齿动物中获得的数据相吻合。总而言之，这些当前的发现为调节人类运动对记忆和心理健康影响的行为和神经机制提供了新的见解。
