Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2012 Jul;25(1):31-43. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.03.016. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
Oxygen derivatives that comprise the large family of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are actively involved in placental biology. They are generated at the maternal-fetal interface at the level of decidual, trophoblast and mesenchymal components. In normal conditions, ROS produced in low concentrations participate in different functions as signalling molecules, regulating activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and protein kinases involved in cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis, hence much of cell functioning. Physiological ROS generation is also associated with such defence mechanisms as phagocytosis and microbiocidal activities. In mice, particularly but not exclusively, trophoblast cells phagocytose intensively during implantation and post-implantation periods and express enzymic machinery to address a ROS-producing response to changes in the environment. The cells directly associated with ROS production are trophoblast giant cells, which mediate each and every relationship with the maternal organism. In this review, the production of ROS by the implanting mouse trophoblast is discussed, focusing on NADPH oxidase expression, regulatory mechanisms and similarities with NOX2 from phagocytes. Some of the current controversies are assessed by attempting to integrate data from studies in human trophoblast and mouse models.
氧衍生物构成了活性氧（ROS）的大家族，它们积极参与胎盘生物学。它们在母体-胎儿界面的蜕膜、滋养层和间质成分中产生。在正常情况下，低浓度产生的 ROS 作为信号分子参与不同的功能，调节参与细胞存活、增殖和凋亡的氧化还原敏感转录因子和蛋白激酶的激活，因此参与了许多细胞功能。生理 ROS 的产生也与吞噬作用和杀菌活性等防御机制有关。在小鼠中，特别是但不仅限于此，滋养层细胞在植入和植入后期间强烈吞噬，并表达酶机制以应对环境变化产生的 ROS 反应。与 ROS 产生直接相关的细胞是滋养层巨细胞，它们介导与母体组织的每一种关系。在这篇综述中，讨论了植入小鼠滋养层产生的 ROS，重点讨论了 NADPH 氧化酶的表达、调节机制以及与吞噬细胞中 NOX2 的相似性。通过尝试整合来自人类滋养层和小鼠模型的研究数据，评估了一些当前的争议。
