Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Int J Pharm. 2013 Jan 2;440(1):27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.047. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
Vaccination is undoubtedly the most effective health intervention for disease prevention and eradication. Nevertheless, currently there is still a need for improving immunization coverage worldwide. A promising strategy to achieve this goal nowadays relies on the use of delivery carriers capable of inducing an effective immune response and providing improved stability, safety and cost effectiveness. This article focuses on analyzing the critical aspects in the design of these carriers, and reviewing the state of the art of currently marketed formulations and those in advanced clinical development. These vaccine delivery carriers include emulsions, liposomes and polymeric particulate carriers. Finally, particular attention is given to the evolution in the design of polymeric nanocarriers, which have been receiving increasing attention and hold promise to generate novel platforms for needle-free administration and single-dose vaccination.
疫苗接种无疑是预防和消灭疾病最有效的卫生干预措施。然而，目前仍需要提高全球的免疫接种率。为实现这一目标，目前一个很有前途的策略是利用能够诱导有效免疫反应并提供更好的稳定性、安全性和成本效益的输送载体。本文重点分析了这些载体设计中的关键方面，并回顾了目前市售制剂和处于临床开发后期的制剂的最新进展。这些疫苗输送载体包括乳剂、脂质体和聚合物颗粒载体。最后，特别关注聚合物纳米载体设计的发展，这方面越来越受到关注，有望为无针给药和单剂量接种提供新的平台。
