Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Jul;95(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-4105-1. Epub 2012 May 6.
Recently, many genes involved in the formation of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were isolated. In most cases, their activities were confirmed by expressing them in the well-studied model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae because its fatty acid compositions are very simple and it does not contain PUFAs. Taking advantage of its genetic tractability and increasing wealth of accessible data, many groups are attempting to produce various useful fatty acids in the model yeasts, mainly in S. cerevisiae. This review describes typical such examples including a very recent study on the expression of a fatty acid hydroxylase gene in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Furthermore, the impact of the genetically engineered alteration of fatty acid composition on the stress tolerance is presented because unsaturated fatty acids have crucial roles in membrane fluidity and signaling processes. Lastly, recent attempts at increasing lipid content in S. cerevisiae are discussed.
最近，许多参与不饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）形成的基因被分离出来。在大多数情况下，通过在研究良好的模式生物酿酒酵母中表达这些基因来确认它们的活性，因为酿酒酵母的脂肪酸组成非常简单，并且不含有 PUFAs。利用其遗传可操作性和不断增加的可用数据，许多研究小组都在尝试在模型酵母中生产各种有用的脂肪酸，主要是在酿酒酵母中。本综述描述了典型的例子，包括最近关于在裂殖酵母 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 中表达脂肪酸羟化酶基因的研究。此外，还介绍了遗传工程改变脂肪酸组成对胁迫耐受性的影响，因为不饱和脂肪酸在膜流动性和信号转导过程中起着至关重要的作用。最后，还讨论了最近提高酿酒酵母中脂质含量的尝试。
