International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Jun 26;39(9):234. doi: 10.1007/s11274-023-03595-3.
Microbial lipids are considered promising and environmentally friendly substitutes for fossil fuels and plant-derived oils. They alleviate the depletion of limited petroleum storage and the decrement of arable lands resulting from the greenhouse effect. Microbial lipids derived from oleaginous yeasts provide fatty acid profiles similar to plant-derived oils, which are considered as sustainable and alternative feedstocks for use in the biofuel, cosmetics, and food industries. Rhodotorula toruloides is an intriguing oleaginous yeast strain that can accumulate more than 70% of its dry biomass as lipid content. It can utilize a wide range of substrates, including low-cost sugars and industrial waste. It is also robust against various industrial inhibitors. However, precise control of the fatty acid profile of the lipids produced by R. toruloides is essential for broadening its biotechnological applications. This mini-review describes recent progress in identifying fatty synthesis pathways and consolidated strategies used for specific fatty acid-rich lipid production via metabolic engineering, strain domestication. In addition, this mini-review summarized the effects of culture conditions on fatty acid profiles in R. toruloides. The perspectives and constraints of harnessing R. toruloides for tailored lipid production are also discussed in this mini-review.
微生物油脂被认为是有前途的、环境友好型的化石燃料和植物油脂替代品。它们缓解了有限的石油储量的枯竭和温室效应导致的可耕地的减少。来源于产油酵母的微生物油脂提供了与植物油脂相似的脂肪酸谱，被认为是生物燃料、化妆品和食品工业中可持续和替代的原料。粘红酵母是一种很有吸引力的产油酵母菌株，可以将其干生物量的 70%以上积累为脂类。它可以利用包括低成本糖和工业废物在内的广泛的底物。它对各种工业抑制剂也有很强的抵抗力。然而，精确控制粘红酵母产生的油脂的脂肪酸谱对于拓宽其生物技术应用至关重要。本综述描述了近年来在鉴定脂肪酸合成途径和通过代谢工程、菌株驯化用于特定富含脂肪酸的脂质生产的综合策略方面的进展。此外，本综述还总结了培养条件对粘红酵母中脂肪酸谱的影响。本综述还讨论了利用粘红酵母进行定制脂质生产的前景和限制。
