Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 5545, USA.
J Couns Psychol. 2012 Jul;59(3):449-57. doi: 10.1037/a0027753. Epub 2012 May 7.
The purposes of this study were to assess lifetime and recent exposure to various life events among undergraduate and community college students and to assess the relation between event exposure and a broad range of outcomes (i.e., mental and physical health, life satisfaction, grade point average). Undergraduate students from a midwestern university (N = 842) and a community college (N = 242) completed online measures of lifetime event exposure and outcomes at Time 1 and recent event exposure at Time 2 two months later. Life events assessed included events that did and did not meet the definition of a traumatic event (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder Criterion A1) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) as well as directly (e.g., own life-threatening illness) and indirectly (e.g., others' illness) experienced events. Students reported experiencing many lifetime and recent Criterion A1 and non-A1 events, and community college students reported more events than did university students. Generally, individuals who reported more lifetime events also reported poorer outcomes (e.g., poorer health). The number of non-Criterion A1 and directly experienced events tended to be more strongly correlated with negative outcomes than were the number of Criterion A1 and indirectly experienced events reported. These findings suggest that non-A1 events are important to assess and can be significantly related to outcomes for students.
本研究旨在评估本科生和社区大学生一生中及近期经历的各种生活事件，并评估事件暴露与广泛的结果（即心理健康和身体健康、生活满意度、平均绩点）之间的关系。来自中西部一所大学（N=842）和一所社区大学（N=242）的本科生在第一次（T1）时在线完成了关于一生中事件暴露和结果的测量，并在两个月后的第二次（T2）时完成了近期事件暴露的测量。评估的生活事件包括符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（第 4 版，文本修订版；DSM-IV-TR；美国精神病学协会，2000）中创伤后应激障碍标准 A1 定义和不符合这一定义的事件（即创伤后应激障碍标准 A1），以及直接（例如，自身危及生命的疾病）和间接（例如，他人的疾病）经历的事件。学生报告一生中经历了许多 A1 和非 A1 标准的事件，社区大学生比大学生报告的事件更多。一般来说，报告一生中经历更多事件的人也报告了更差的结果（例如，更差的健康状况）。与报告的 A1 标准和间接经历的事件数量相比，非 A1 标准和直接经历的事件数量往往与负面结果更密切相关。这些发现表明，非 A1 事件是需要评估的重要因素，并且可能与学生的结果有显著关系。
