Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland.
Inhal Toxicol. 2012 May;24(6):343-55. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2012.671858.
Particulate matter (PM) has been identified as a major environmental pollutant causing severe health problems. Large amounts of the harmful particulate matter (PM) are emitted from residential wood combustion, but the toxicological properties of wood combustion particles are poorly known.
To investigate chemical and consequent toxicological characteristics of PM(1) emitted from different phases of batch combustion in four heating appliances.
Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were exposed for 24 h to different doses (15-300 µg/mL) of wood combustion particles. After the exposure, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, production of the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and MIP-2) and effects on the cell cycle were assessed. Furthermore, the detected toxicological responses were compared with the chemical composition of PM(1) samples including PAHs, metals and ions.
All the wood combustion samples exerted high cytotoxicity, but only moderate inflammatory activity. The particles emitted from the inefficient phase of batch combustion in the sauna stove (SS) induced the most extensive cytotoxic and genotoxic responses in mammalian cells. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic compounds in PM(1) samples might have contributed to these effects. Instead, water-soluble metals seemed to participate in the cytotoxic responses triggered by the particles from more efficient batch combustion in the masonry heaters. Overall, the toxicological responses were decreased when the combustion phase was more efficient.
Efficiency of batch combustion plays a significant role in the harmfulness of PM even under incomplete wood combustion processes.
颗粒物（PM）已被确定为造成严重健康问题的主要环境污染物。大量有害的颗粒物（PM）是由住宅木材燃烧产生的，但木材燃烧颗粒的毒理学特性知之甚少。
研究四种取暖设备中批量燃烧不同阶段产生的 PM（1）的化学特性和相应的毒理学特性。
用不同剂量（15-300μg/ml）的木材燃烧颗粒对 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞和 BEAS-2B 人支气管上皮细胞进行 24 小时暴露。暴露后，评估细胞毒性、遗传毒性、炎症介质（TNF-α 和 MIP-2）的产生以及对细胞周期的影响。此外，还将检测到的毒理学反应与 PM（1）样品的化学成分（包括多环芳烃、金属和离子）进行了比较。
所有木材燃烧样品均表现出高细胞毒性，但仅有中度炎症活性。桑拿炉（SS）低效批量燃烧阶段产生的颗粒在哺乳动物细胞中引起最广泛的细胞毒性和遗传毒性反应。PM（1）样品中的多环芳烃（PAHs）和其他有机化合物可能促成了这些影响。相反，水溶性金属似乎参与了由砖石炉中更高效的批量燃烧产生的颗粒引发的细胞毒性反应。总的来说，当燃烧阶段更高效时，毒理学反应会降低。
即使在不完全的木材燃烧过程中，批量燃烧的效率对 PM 的危害性也起着重要作用。
