Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Nov 25;206(2):411-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.05.015. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
Due to increasing energy demand and limited fossil fuels, renewable energy sources have gained in importance. Particulate matter (PM) in general, but also PM from the combustion of wood is known to exert adverse health effects in human. These are often related to specific toxic compounds adsorbed to the PM surface, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), of which some are known human carcinogens. This study focused on the bioavailability of PAHs and on the tumor initiation potential of wood combustion PM, using the PAH CALUX® reporter gene assay and the BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay, respectively. For this, both cell assays were exposed to PM and their respective organic extracts from varying degrees of combustion. The PAH CALUX® experiments demonstrated a concentration-response relationship matching the PAHs detected in the samples. Contrary to expectations, PM samples from complete (CC) and incomplete combustion (IC) provided for a stronger and weaker response, respectively, suggesting that PAH were more readily bioavailable in PM from CC. These findings were corroborated via PAH spiking experiments indicating that IC PM contains organic components that strongly adsorb PAH thereby reducing their bioavailability. The results obtained with organic extracts in the cell transformation assay presented the highest potential for carcinogenicity in samples with high PAH contents, albeit PM from CC also demonstrated a carcinogenic potential. In conclusion, the in vitro assays employed emphasize that CC produces PM with low PAH content however with a general higher bioavailability and thus with a nearly similar carcinogenic potential than IC PM.
由于能源需求不断增长和化石燃料有限，可再生能源的重要性日益增加。一般来说，颗粒物（PM），但也包括木材燃烧产生的 PM，已知会对人类健康产生不利影响。这些影响通常与吸附在 PM 表面的特定有毒化合物有关，如多环芳烃（PAH），其中一些是已知的人类致癌物。本研究分别使用 PAH CALUX®报告基因检测和 BALB/c 3T3 细胞转化检测，重点研究了 PAH 的生物利用度和木材燃烧 PM 的肿瘤起始潜力。为此，将这两种细胞检测分别暴露于来自不同燃烧程度的 PM 及其各自的有机提取物中。PAH CALUX®实验表明，浓度-反应关系与样品中检测到的 PAH 相匹配。出乎意料的是，来自完全燃烧（CC）和不完全燃烧（IC）的 PM 样品分别提供了更强和更弱的反应，这表明 CC 来源的 PM 中 PAH 更易于生物利用。通过 PAH 加标实验证实了这一发现，表明 IC PM 中的有机成分强烈吸附 PAH，从而降低了其生物利用度。细胞转化检测中有机提取物的结果显示，高 PAH 含量的样品具有最高的致癌潜力，尽管 CC 的 PM 也表现出致癌潜力。总之，所采用的体外检测强调 CC 产生的 PM 中 PAH 含量低，但总体生物利用度较高，因此与 IC PM 具有相似的致癌潜力。
