Bertolesi Gabriel E, Iannattone Stephanie, Johnston Jill, Zaremberg Vanina, McFarlane Sarah
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
Gene Expr Patterns. 2012 Aug-Sep;12(7-8):219-27. doi: 10.1016/j.gep.2012.04.002. Epub 2012 Apr 27.
Production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the first step in the de novo pathway for glycerolipid biosynthesis, which is mainly catalyzed by the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs; EC2.3.1.15). DHAPAT (EC2.3.1.42) also contributes in a minor way, using dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrate. Final products and intermediates of the glycerolipid synthesis pathway are the main structural components of cellular membranes, and provide signalling molecules that regulate diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. Here we identified the four orthologs of the mammalian GPATs (1-4) and DHAPAT in Xenopus, including a novel, short variant of GPAT2, and analyzed their expression pattern during embryonic development. Xenopus GPAT1/2 localized to mitochondria, while GPAT3/4 associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. All are similarly expressed in the early embryonic nervous system. A more tissue specific pattern emerges during organogenesis, including liver expression for GPAT1/4, and testis expression for GPAT2. All acyltransferases were expressed in kidney, though GPAT3 was excluded from the pronephric ducts. Our results suggest important roles of GPATs and DHAPAT during early organogenesis.
溶血磷脂酸（LPA）的产生是甘油olipid生物合成从头途径的第一步，这主要由甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶（GPATs；EC2.3.1.15）催化。二羟基丙酮磷酸酰基转移酶（DHAPAT；EC2.3.1.42）也以较小的方式参与，以磷酸二羟基丙酮为底物。甘油olipid合成途径的终产物和中间体是细胞膜的主要结构成分，并提供调节多种生物过程的信号分子，包括细胞增殖、分化和生长。在这里，我们鉴定了非洲爪蟾中哺乳动物GPATs（1-4）和DHAPAT的四个直系同源物，包括一种新的、短变体的GPAT2，并分析了它们在胚胎发育过程中的表达模式。非洲爪蟾GPAT1/2定位于线粒体，而GPAT3/4与内质网相关。所有这些在早期胚胎神经系统中表达相似。在器官发生过程中出现了更具组织特异性的模式，包括GPAT1/4在肝脏中的表达，以及GPAT2在睾丸中的表达。所有酰基转移酶都在肾脏中表达，尽管GPAT3被排除在前肾管之外。我们的结果表明GPATs和DHAPAT在早期器官发生过程中具有重要作用。
