China's new cooperative medical scheme for rural residents: popularity of broad coverage poses challenges for costs.

One of the components in China's massive health reform effort is the New Cooperative Medical Scheme, which is intended to provide affordable health insurance, especially to the rural poor. This program offers three options with different benefits and costs to county health officials, who select one of the options to make available to local residents. Data were obtained from the New Cooperative Medical Scheme survey conducted by the Chinese Ministry of Health and the World Bank in 2005, which covered more than 47,000 people living in twenty-seven counties, to determine participation levels, identify which option was most attractive, and characterize the impact that each option had on care and costs. Our study found that those participants with the most limited coverage might have delayed seeking care, while the broadest coverage--the "Cadillac option"--was the most popular. Yet if this generous package were to be broadly offered, health costs would become unsustainable. Therefore, the Chinese government must consider which costs to cover for people in economically depressed rural areas.