Unit of Infectious Disease, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013 Mar;37(2):130-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00344.x. Epub 2012 Jun 18.
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a medically important pathogen because of the increasing number of infections produced by this organism over the preceding three decades and the global spread of strains with resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. In spite of its clinical relevance, until recently, there have been few studies addressing the factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this organism. The availability of complete genome sequences, molecular tools for manipulating the bacterial genome, and animal models of infection have begun to facilitate the identification of factors that play a role in A. baumannii persistence and infection. This review summarizes the characteristics of A. baumannii that contribute to its pathogenesis, with a focus on motility, adherence, biofilm formation, and iron acquisition. In addition, the virulence factors that have been identified to date, which include the outer membrane protein OmpA, phospholipases, membrane polysaccharide components, penicillin-binding proteins, and outer membrane vesicles, are discussed. Animal models systems that have been developed during the last 15 years for the study of A. baumannii infection are overviewed, and the recent use of these models to identify factors involved in virulence and pathogenesis is highlighted.
鲍曼不动杆菌已成为一种重要的医学病原体，因为在过去三十年中，由该生物体引起的感染数量不断增加，并且具有多种抗生素耐药性的菌株在全球范围内传播。尽管具有临床相关性，但直到最近，针对导致该生物体发病机制的因素的研究很少。完整基因组序列的可用性、用于操纵细菌基因组的分子工具以及感染动物模型开始有助于确定在鲍曼不动杆菌的持久性和感染中起作用的因素。本综述总结了导致鲍曼不动杆菌发病机制的特征，重点是运动性、黏附性、生物膜形成和铁获取。此外，还讨论了迄今为止已鉴定出的毒力因子，包括外膜蛋白 OmpA、磷脂酶、膜多糖成分、青霉素结合蛋白和外膜囊泡。概述了在过去 15 年中为研究鲍曼不动杆菌感染而开发的动物模型系统，并强调了最近使用这些模型来鉴定与毒力和发病机制相关的因素。
