Verza S G, de Resende P E, Kaiser S, Quirici L, Teixeira H F, Gosmann G, Ferreira F, Ortega G G
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Pharmazie. 2012 Apr;67(4):288-92.
Entire seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd are a rich protein source and are also well-known for their high saponin content. Due to their amphiphily quinoa saponins are able to form intricate micellar aggregates in aqueous media. In this paper we study the aggregates formed by self-association of these compounds from two quinoa saponin fractions (FQ70 and FQ90) as well as several distinctive nanostructures obtained after their complexation with different ratios of cholesterol (CHOL) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The FQ70 and FQ90 fractions were obtained by reversed-phase preparative chromatography. The structural features of their resulting aggregates were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Novel nanosized spherical vesicles formed by self-association with mean diameter about 100-200 nm were observed in FQ70 aqueous solutions whereas worm-like micelles an approximate width of 20 nm were detected in FQ90 aqueous solutions. Under experimental conditions similar to those reported for the preparation of Quillaja saponaria ISCOM matrices, tubular and ring-like micelles arose from FQ70:CHOL:PC and FQ90:CHOL:PC formulations, respectively. However, under these conditions no cage-like ISCOM matrices were observed. The saponin composition of FQ70 and FQ90 seems to determine the nanosized structures viewed by TEM. Phytolaccagenic acid, predominant in FQ70 and FQ90 fractions, is accountable for the formation of the nanosized vesicles and tubular structures observed by TEM in the aqueous solutions of both samples. Conversely, ring-like micelles observed in FQ90:CHOL:PC complexes can be attributed to the presence of less polar saponins present in FQ90, in particular those derived from oleanolic acid.
藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd）的整粒种子是一种丰富的蛋白质来源，同时也因其高皂苷含量而闻名。由于藜麦皂苷具有两亲性，它们能够在水性介质中形成复杂的胶束聚集体。在本文中，我们研究了来自两个藜麦皂苷组分（FQ70和FQ90）的这些化合物通过自组装形成的聚集体，以及它们与不同比例的胆固醇（CHOL）和磷脂酰胆碱（PC）络合后获得的几种独特的纳米结构。FQ70和FQ90组分通过反相制备色谱法获得。通过动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）确定了它们所得聚集体的结构特征。在FQ70水溶液中观察到通过自组装形成的平均直径约为100 - 200 nm的新型纳米级球形囊泡，而在FQ90水溶液中检测到宽度约为20 nm的蠕虫状胶束。在与报道的制备皂树皂苷免疫刺激复合物（ISCOM）基质相似的实验条件下，分别从FQ70:CHOL:PC和FQ90:CHOL:PC配方中产生了管状和环状胶束。然而，在这些条件下未观察到笼状ISCOM基质。FQ70和FQ90的皂苷组成似乎决定了TEM观察到的纳米级结构。在FQ70和FQ90组分中占主导的商陆酸，是两个样品水溶液中TEM观察到的纳米级囊泡和管状结构形成的原因。相反，在FQ90:CHOL:PC复合物中观察到的环状胶束可归因于FQ90中存在的极性较小的皂苷，特别是那些源自齐墩果酸的皂苷。
