Struening E L, Wallace R, Moore R
Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
Bull N Y Acad Med. 1990 Sep-Oct;66(5):463-78.
Low birth weight (less than 2,501 grams at birth) rates were computed for the 338 health areas of New York City for three time periods: 1969-1971, 1979-1981, and 1985-19. Frequency distributions of the 338 health areas were developed according to the percent of babies with birth weights less than 2,501 grams for each of the periods indicated above. Comparison of the 1970 and 1980 distributions indicates a decrease in low birth weight rates, but an increase in both tails of the 1980 distribution, resulting in greater variability in 1980 rates. This polarization reveals that some areas of New York City had achieved very low rates while other areas had increased to exceptionally high rates. The distribution for 1986 (1985-1987) indicates a continuation of rate shifts, particularly in the low rate tail where, in comparison with 1980, 19 additional health area populations had rates of low birth weight less than 0.05. With 1970 as a reference point, 71 additional health area populations had achieved rates less than 0.05 by 1986. In contrast, the high tail for 1986 does not shift and is very similar to that of 1980. As previously noted, the shift in rate values in the high tail from 1970 to 1980 is not in the expected direction and contributes to the polarization of health status in New York City populations by contributions of newborns. Low birth weight values for 1986 stabilize this shift in the "wrong" direction. The range of minimum and maximum values, which increased from 0.144 to 0.190 to 0.226 for 1970, 1980, and 1986 respectively, document the change in degree of polarization. Health areas in the high low birth weight tail experienced the greatest amount of housing destruction and community devastation between 1970 and 1980.
计算了纽约市338个卫生区域在三个时间段（1969 - 1971年、1979 - 1981年和1985 - 1987年）的低体重出生率（出生时体重低于2501克）。根据上述每个时间段出生体重低于2501克的婴儿百分比，绘制了338个卫生区域的频率分布。1970年和1980年分布的比较表明，低体重出生率有所下降，但1980年分布的两端有所增加，导致1980年的发生率变异性更大。这种两极分化表明，纽约市的一些地区低体重出生率非常低，而其他地区则上升到了异常高的水平。1986年（1985 - 1987年）的分布表明发生率仍在变化，特别是在低发生率一端，与1980年相比，另有19个卫生区域的低体重出生率低于0.05。以1970年为参考点，到1986年另有71个卫生区域的发生率低于0.05。相比之下，1986年的高发生率一端没有变化，与1980年非常相似。如前所述，1970年至1980年高发生率一端的发生率值变化方向不符合预期，这导致纽约市人口健康状况因新生儿因素而两极分化。1986年的低体重出生率值稳定了这种“错误”方向的变化。最小值和最大值的范围分别从1970年的0.144增加到1980年的0.190，再到1986年的0.226，记录了两极分化程度的变化。在1970年至1980年期间，高、低体重出生率两端的卫生区域遭受的住房破坏和社区破坏最为严重。
