Doll R
ICRF Cancer Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, U.K.
Cancer Detect Prev. 1990;14(6):589-94.
Lifestyle is a convenient portmanteau term which, in relation to the causes of cancer, has come to mean all aspects of the way people behave, whether determined voluntarily or imposed by economic, cultural, or geographic circumstances, including reproduction but arbitrarily excluding occupation. Modification of lifestyle seems to be able to reduce the age-specific risk of cancer by about four fifths in many communities. This does not imply that the control of other factors could not reduce the risk by more than a fifth, as the chain of causation can be broken in many places and the occurrence of any one case of cancer could be avoided in several different ways. Examples are given of the way different aspects of lifestyle interact, and particular attention is paid to the consumption of ethanol which has a major impact on the incidence of human cancer, although it does not appear to be a carcinogen in animal experiments.
生活方式是一个方便的合成词，就癌症病因而言，它已涵盖人们行为方式的所有方面，无论是出于自愿还是受经济、文化或地理环境所迫，包括生殖方面，但职业被随意排除在外。在许多社区，改变生活方式似乎能够将特定年龄段的癌症风险降低约五分之四。这并不意味着控制其他因素不能将风险降低超过五分之一，因为因果链在许多环节都可能被打破，任何一例癌症的发生都可以通过几种不同方式避免。文中给出了生活方式不同方面相互作用方式的示例，并特别关注了乙醇的消费，乙醇对人类癌症发病率有重大影响，尽管在动物实验中它似乎不是致癌物。
