Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Calle 43 No. 130 Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
Vet Parasitol. 2012 Oct 26;189(2-4):284-90. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.017. Epub 2012 Apr 19.
The in vivo anthelmintic (AH) activity of the ethanolic extract from leaves of Phytolacca icosandra was evaluated in goats artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus. Parasite naïve goats were artificially infected with 3000 H. contortus infective larvae per animal. Once the infection was patent (day 28 post-infection) all the animals were sampled to determine the faecal egg counts (FEC) for five consecutive days. Two groups of animals were formed balanced for their FEC and body-weight (BW) (n=6/group): the non-treated control group and the treated group in which goats were individually administered with the ethanolic extract of P. icosandra. The extract was administered orally using gelatin capsules (250 mg/kg BW) which were dosed on two consecutive days using a pill-dispenser. Faecal samples were collected from each animal from the day of dosage (Day 0) on a daily basis to determine the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) for 15 days post-treatment (PT). The FEC of the two groups were compared using the repeated measures analyses of variance using the log transformed data Ln (FEC+1). The presence of saponins, coumarins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids were detected by standard methodologies in the extract. The P. icosandra ethanolic extract was further analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A significant reduction in FEC was observed in the treated group compared to the control from day 7 until day 15 PT (P<0.05). The highest percentage reduction (72%) was found on day 11 PT. No adverse reactions were observed in all treated animals for the entire trial. The GC-MS analysis of the organic extracts revealed the presence of three fatty acids as compounds with highest abundance. The three compounds that were identified by their mass fragmentation patterns were: 2-Pentadecanone, 6, 10, 14-trimethyl (RT 10.3 min), Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (RT 10.8 min) and Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (RT 11.2 min). It is concluded that the P. icosandra ethanolic extract obtained from leaves showed in vivo anthelmintic activity against H. contortus when administered orally to goats at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW on two consecutive days. The dose used did not cause any negative effects on the health of goats.
用感染性幼虫（3000 条/只）人工感染绵羊，对贯叶连翘叶乙醇提取物的体内驱虫（AH）活性进行评估。在感染后第 28 天，所有动物均进行粪便虫卵计数（FEC）检测，连续检测 5 天。根据 FEC 和体重（BW）对两组动物进行平衡分组（每组 6 只）：未治疗对照组和灌胃贯叶连翘叶乙醇提取物的治疗组。提取物用明胶胶囊（250mg/kgBW）口服给药，使用投药器连续两天给药。从投药日（第 0 天）起，每天从每只动物收集粪便样本，以确定治疗后 15 天内每克粪便中的虫卵数（EPG）。使用对数转换数据 Ln（FEC+1）对两组 FEC 进行重复测量方差分析。提取物中存在皂苷、香豆素、类黄酮、甾体和萜类化合物，可通过标准方法检测。对贯叶连翘叶乙醇提取物进行气相色谱（GC）-质谱（MS）联用分析。与对照组相比，治疗组从第 7 天到第 15 天 PT（P<0.05）时 FEC 显著降低。在第 11 天 PT 时，发现最大百分比降低（72%）。在整个试验过程中，所有接受治疗的动物均未出现不良反应。GC-MS 分析显示，有机提取物中存在三种脂肪酸，其含量最高。通过其质量碎片模式鉴定的三种化合物是：2-十五烷酮、6,10,14-三甲基（RT 10.3min）、14-甲基十五烷酸甲酯（RT 10.8min）和十六烷酸乙酯（RT 11.2min）。结论：贯叶连翘叶乙醇提取物在体内对感染性幼虫（3000 条/只）人工感染的绵羊具有驱虫活性，以 250mg/kgBW 剂量连续两天灌胃给药。使用的剂量对绵羊的健康没有造成任何负面影响。
