Hay J M
Sem Hop. 1979;55(17-18):918-24.
Cancer excepted all other diseases of the esophagus are rare. Diverticula, benign tumors, perforations and the pathology of the cardia (hiatus hernia, achalasia and esophageal varices) are not studied here. We took into consideration the following diseases only: spasm of the cricopharyngeal muscle, Plummer-Vinson or Kelly-Paterson syndrome, cervical osteophytosis, dysphagia lusoria, benign and malignant mediastinal lymphatic nodes, Schatzki ring of the lower esophagus and esophageal duplications.
除癌症外，食管的所有其他疾病都很罕见。憩室、良性肿瘤、穿孔以及贲门部的病理情况（食管裂孔疝、贲门失弛缓症和食管静脉曲张）不在本文研究范围内。我们仅考虑以下疾病：环咽肌痉挛、普卢默-文森综合征或凯利-帕特森综合征、颈椎骨质增生、血管性吞咽困难、良性和恶性纵隔淋巴结、食管下段的沙茨基环以及食管重复畸形。
