Vijselaar Joost, Abma Ruud
Departement Geschiedenis en Kunstgeschiedenis, Universiteit Utrecht en als senior wetenschappelijk medewerker bij het Trimbos Instituut in Utrecht.
Studium (Rotterdam). 2010;3(3):79-81.
According to a widespread interpretation, the history of psychiatry is characterized by a strong opposition between biological and psychological paradigms, which would dominate consecutive periods in history. The image of a swinging pendulum is a popular metaphor to describe this idea. The culture of Dutch psychiatry in the interwar years (1918-1940) seems to gainsay this image. Psychological, biological and socials models of explanation and therapy were used alongside each other without apparent debate and conflict. Influential professors of psychiatry like H.C. Rümke (Utrecht University) even pleaded for a conscious integration of these approaches. Some historians have interpreted this stance as a sign of scientific 'vagueness' and 'anarchy'. Analyzing the work of three major representatives of Dutch psychiatry in the Interbellum (Leendert Bouman, Han Rümke and Lammert van der Horst), the authors (former students of the master Historical and Comparative Studies of the Sciences and the Humanities) shed light on the psychiatric climate of this era, dealing with themes like the openness of psychiatry to other sciences, the interactions of psychiatry and literature, and the relationship between theory and clinical practice. As a result a further qualification of the image of the pendulum is argued for.
根据一种广泛的解释，精神病学的历史特点是生物学范式和心理学范式之间存在强烈对立，这两种范式在历史上相继占据主导地位。钟摆摆动的形象是描述这一观点的常用隐喻。两次世界大战之间（1918 - 1940年）荷兰精神病学的文化似乎与这一形象不符。解释和治疗的心理学、生物学和社会模型相互并存使用，没有明显的争论和冲突。像H.C. 吕姆克（乌得勒支大学）这样有影响力的精神病学教授甚至主张有意识地整合这些方法。一些历史学家将这种立场解释为科学“模糊性”和“无政府状态”的标志。通过分析两次世界大战之间荷兰精神病学三位主要代表人物（伦德特·布曼、汉·吕姆克和拉默特·范德霍斯特）的著作，作者们（科学与人文历史与比较研究专业的 former students）揭示了这个时代的精神病学氛围，涉及精神病学对其他科学的开放性、精神病学与文学的互动以及理论与临床实践之间的关系等主题。结果，有人主张对钟摆形象进行进一步的限定。
