Sadowsky Jonathan
J Hist Med Allied Sci. 2006 Jan;61(1):1-25. doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jrj001. Epub 2005 Oct 20.
It is common to represent the history of American psychiatry by comparing it to a pendulum. In this metaphorical rendering, psychiatry has swung back and forth between extremes of emphasis on psyche (life events and inner conflict ruling etiological thinking, talk therapy dominating treatment) and soma (biochemical sources dominating etiological thinking, somatic treatments dominating treatment). This article argues that, while this metaphor is suited to capturing certain aspects of American psychiatric history, it distorts others by, for example, exaggerating the extent of dogmatism on either side and obscuring continuities in psychiatry's history. The article looks specifically at the reception by psychoanalysts to the introduction of electroconvulsive therapy. It shows that psychoanalytic views of ECT were diverse and more receptive to ECT than the pendulum metaphor might lead us to believe.
通过将美国精神病学的历史与钟摆相比较来呈现这段历史是很常见的。在这种隐喻性的描述中，精神病学在强调心理（生活事件和内在冲突主导病因学思维，谈话疗法主导治疗）和躯体（生化来源主导病因学思维，躯体治疗主导治疗）这两个极端之间摇摆不定。本文认为，虽然这个隐喻适合捕捉美国精神病学史的某些方面，但它也扭曲了其他方面，例如，夸大了任何一方的教条主义程度，并掩盖了精神病学史的连续性。本文特别关注精神分析学家对电休克疗法引入的接受情况。研究表明，精神分析学派对电休克疗法的观点是多样的，而且比对电休克疗法的接受程度比钟摆隐喻可能使我们相信的更高。
