Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4400, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012 Jul;18(4):749-56. doi: 10.1017/S1355617712000380. Epub 2012 May 18.
Two major challenges facing researchers interested in cognitive change are that measures of change are often not very reliable, and they may reflect effects of prior test experience in addition to the factors of primary interest. One approach to dealing with these problems is to obtain multiple measures of change on parallel versions of the same tests in a measurement burst design. A total of 783 adults performed three parallel versions of cognitive tests on two occasions separated by an average of 2.6 years. Performance increased substantially across the three sessions within each occasion, and for all but vocabulary ability these within-occasion improvements were considerably larger than the between-occasion changes. Reliabilities of the changes in composite scores were low, but averages of the three changes had larger, albeit still quite modest, reliabilities. In some cognitive abilities individual differences were evident in the relation of prior test experience and the magnitude of longitudinal change. Although multiple assessments are more time consuming than traditional measurement procedures, the resulting estimates of change are more robust than those from conventional methods, and also allow the influence of practice on change to be systematically investigated.
两个主要挑战面临研究人员感兴趣的认知变化是，变化的措施往往不是很可靠，他们可能反映的影响之前的测试经验除了主要因素的兴趣。一种方法来处理这些问题是获得多个措施的变化对平行版本的相同的测试在测量爆发设计。共有 783 名成年人在两个场合，平均间隔 2.6 年进行三次平行版本的认知测试。表现大大增加了在三个会议内每次，除了词汇能力，这些在每次改进是相当大的比场合之间的变化。可靠性的变化，在综合得分低，但平均三个变化有较大的，尽管仍然相当温和，可靠性。在一些认知能力个体差异明显的关系之前的测试经验和纵向变化的幅度。虽然多个评估更耗时比传统的测量程序，由此产生的变化估计更稳健比那些从传统的方法，也允许实践的影响进行系统地调查变化。
