Salthouse Timothy A, Nesselroade John R, Berish Diane E
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia Charlottesville, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2006 May;61(3):P144-51. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.3.p144.
Recent studies have documented that normal adults exhibit considerable variability in cognitive performance from one occasion to another. We investigated this phenomenon in a study in which 143 adults ranging from 18 to 97 years of age performed different versions of 13 cognitive tests in three separate sessions. Substantial within-person variability was apparent across 13 different cognitive variables, and there were also large individual differences in the magnitude of within-person variability. Because people differ in the amount of short-term variability, we propose that this variability might provide a meaningful basis for calibrating change in longitudinal research. Correlations among the measures of within-person variability were very low, even after we adjusted for reliability, and there was little evidence that increased age was associated with a larger amount of within-person variability.
最近的研究表明，正常成年人在不同场合的认知表现存在相当大的差异。我们在一项研究中对这一现象进行了调查，在该研究中，143名年龄在18岁至97岁之间的成年人在三个不同的时间段内进行了13项认知测试的不同版本。在13个不同的认知变量中，个体内部的显著差异很明显，而且个体内部差异的程度也存在很大的个体差异。由于人们在短期变异性的程度上存在差异，我们认为这种变异性可能为纵向研究中校准变化提供一个有意义的基础。即使在我们对可靠性进行调整之后，个体内部变异性测量之间的相关性仍然非常低，而且几乎没有证据表明年龄增长与更大的个体内部变异性有关。
