Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012 Sep;18(5):856-65. doi: 10.1017/S1355617712000628. Epub 2012 May 18.
Existing evidence suggests that psychosocial stress is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. Perceived discrimination is a persistent stressor in African Americans that has been associated with several adverse mental and physical health outcomes. To our knowledge, the association of discrimination with cognition in older African Americans has not been examined. In a cohort of 407 older African Americans without dementia (mean age = 72.9; SD = 6.4), we found that a higher level of perceived discrimination was related to poorer cognitive test performance, particularly episodic memory (estimate = -0.03; SE = .013; p < .05) and perceptual speed tests (estimate = -0.04; SE = .015; p < .05). The associations were unchanged after adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors, but were attenuated after adjustment for depressive symptoms (Episodic memory estimate = -0.02; SE = 0.01; Perceptual speed estimate = -0.03; SE = 0.02; both p's = .06). The association between discrimination and several cognitive domains was modified by level of neuroticism. The results suggest that perceived discrimination may be associated with poorer cognitive function, but does not appear to be independent of depressive symptoms. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1-10).
现有证据表明，心理社会压力与老年人的认知障碍有关。感知歧视是非洲裔美国人长期面临的压力源，与多种不良心理和身体健康结果有关。据我们所知，在老年非裔美国人中，歧视与认知之间的关联尚未得到检验。在一项没有痴呆症的 407 名老年非裔美国人队列研究中（平均年龄=72.9；标准差=6.4），我们发现感知歧视程度越高，认知测试表现越差，特别是情景记忆（估计值=-0.03；标准误=0.013；p<0.05）和知觉速度测试（估计值=-0.04；标准误=0.015；p<0.05）。在调整人口统计学和血管危险因素后，这些关联仍然存在，但在调整抑郁症状后，关联减弱（情景记忆估计值=-0.02；标准误=0.01；知觉速度估计值=-0.03；标准误=0.02；两者 p 值均为<.06）。歧视与几个认知领域之间的关联受到神经质水平的调节。结果表明，感知歧视可能与较差的认知功能有关，但似乎与抑郁症状无关。（JINS，2012，18，1-10）。
