Wnuk-Lipinski E, Illsley R
Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.
Soc Sci Med. 1990;31(8):833-6. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90019-o.
This paper introduces analyses of the state of health and of the health-care system in four Eastern European countries. The analyses focus on the issue of inequality in countries which share many characteristics including non-market economies, rapid urbanization and industrialization, and health systems which formally aim to provide equal access and treatment to all citizens. The measurement of social inequality in a non-market economy dominated by the state economy cannot be based on traditional class divisions; nor is income a good indicator of class position, salaries for professional and non-manual workers being lower than the average. Major relevant variables for which data are available are occupation, educational level and area of residence. Despite many system similarities the countries differ sharply in the level of resources devoted to health care and in health status based on mortality rates.
本文介绍了对四个东欧国家的健康状况和医疗保健系统的分析。这些分析聚焦于一些国家的不平等问题，这些国家具有许多共同特征，包括非市场经济、快速的城市化和工业化，以及旨在为所有公民提供平等就医机会和治疗的医疗系统。在以国有经济为主导的非市场经济中，社会不平等的衡量不能基于传统的阶级划分；收入也不是阶级地位的良好指标，专业人员和非体力劳动者的工资低于平均水平。有数据可查的主要相关变量是职业、教育水平和居住地区。尽管这些国家的医疗系统有许多相似之处，但在用于医疗保健的资源水平以及基于死亡率的健康状况方面，它们存在显著差异。
