Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Pulmonary Imaging Laboratory, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012 Jul;113(2):328-39. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00320.2012. Epub 2012 May 17.
From the first measurements of the distribution of pulmonary blood flow using radioactive tracers by West and colleagues (J Clin Invest 40: 1-12, 1961) allowing gravitational differences in pulmonary blood flow to be described, the imaging of pulmonary blood flow has made considerable progress. The researcher employing modern imaging techniques now has the choice of several techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These techniques differ in several important ways: the resolution of the measurement, the type of contrast or tag used to image flow, and the amount of ionizing radiation associated with each measurement. In addition, the techniques vary in what is actually measured, whether it is capillary perfusion such as with PET and SPECT, or larger vessel information in addition to capillary perfusion such as with MRI and CT. Combined, these issues affect quantification and interpretation of data as well as the type of experiments possible using different techniques. The goal of this review is to give an overview of the techniques most commonly in use for physiological experiments along with the issues unique to each technique.
从 West 及其同事首次使用放射性示踪剂测量肺血流分布（J Clin Invest 40: 1-12, 1961），可以描述肺血流的重力差异以来，肺血流成像已经取得了相当大的进展。现在，使用现代成像技术的研究人员可以选择几种技术，包括磁共振成像（MRI）、计算机断层扫描（CT）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）。这些技术在几个重要方面存在差异：测量的分辨率、用于成像流动的对比剂或标记的类型，以及与每次测量相关的电离辐射量。此外，这些技术在实际测量的内容上也存在差异，无论是 PET 和 SPECT 这样的毛细血管灌注，还是 MRI 和 CT 这样的除了毛细血管灌注之外还包括大血管信息。这些问题共同影响数据的定量和解释，以及使用不同技术进行的实验类型。本综述的目的是概述最常用于生理实验的技术以及每种技术特有的问题。
