Griffiths Robin F, Powell David M C
Occupational and Aviation Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012 May;83(5):514-21. doi: 10.3357/asem.3186.2012.
In order to perform safety-critical roles in emergency situations, flight attendants should meet minimum health standards and not be impaired by factors such as fatigue. In addition, the unique occupational and environmental characteristics of flight attendant employment may have consequential occupational health and safety implications, including radiation exposure, cancer, mental ill-health, musculoskeletal injury, reproductive disorders, and symptoms from cabin air contamination. The respective roles of governments and employers in managing these are controversial. A structured literature review was undertaken to identify key themes for promoting a future agenda for flight attendant health and safety. Recommendations include breast cancer health promotion, implementation of Fatigue Risk Management Systems, standardization of data collection on radiation exposure and health outcomes, and more coordinated approaches to occupational health and safety risk management. Research is ongoing into cabin air contamination incidents, cancer, and fatigue as health and safety concerns. Concerns are raised that statutory medical certification for flight attendants will not benefit either flight safety or occupational health.
为了在紧急情况下履行对安全至关重要的职责，空乘人员应达到最低健康标准，且不应受到疲劳等因素的影响。此外，空乘工作独特的职业和环境特征可能会对职业健康与安全产生相应影响，包括辐射暴露、癌症、心理健康问题、肌肉骨骼损伤、生殖系统紊乱以及机舱空气污染导致的症状。政府和雇主在管理这些方面各自应承担的角色存在争议。开展了一项结构化文献综述，以确定促进空乘人员健康与安全未来议程的关键主题。建议包括促进乳腺癌健康、实施疲劳风险管理系统、规范辐射暴露和健康结果的数据收集，以及采取更协调一致的职业健康与安全风险管理方法。针对机舱空气污染事件、癌症和疲劳等健康与安全问题的研究正在进行。有人担心，空乘人员的法定医疗认证对飞行安全或职业健康都没有好处。
