Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2012;14:351-67. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150108. Epub 2012 May 15.
Optical microscopic imaging offers opportunities to perform noninvasive assessments of numerous parameters associated with the biochemistry, morphology, and functional state of biological samples. For example, it is possible to detect the endogenous fluorescence from a small number of important biomolecules, including NADH and FAD, which are two coenzymes involved in key metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we review different imaging approaches to isolate the fluorescence from these chromophores in two- and three-dimensional samples and discuss the origins and potential interpretation of the observed signals in terms of cell metabolic status. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations of these approaches, as well as important research directions that we expect will evolve in the near future.
光学显微镜成像技术为非侵入性评估与生物样本的生物化学、形态和功能状态相关的众多参数提供了机会。例如，有可能检测到少量重要生物分子的内源性荧光，包括 NADH 和 FAD，它们是两种参与关键代谢途径（如糖酵解、三羧酸循环和氧化磷酸化）的辅酶。在这里，我们综述了不同的成像方法，以分离二维和三维样品中这些发色团的荧光，并根据细胞代谢状态讨论观察到的信号的起源和潜在解释。最后，我们讨论了这些方法的挑战和局限性，以及我们预计在不久的将来会发展的重要研究方向。
